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The frequency of the disease has substantially decreased in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Prognosis is poor with rapid progression leading to death within 2\u20133\u00a0months if left untreated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case description<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 65\u00a0years old male presented to medical attention with gait disturbance, weight loss and slight left-sided hemiparesis. Human immunodeficiency virus infection was diagnosed with an initial CD4 count of 116 cells\/\u00b5l and a viral load of 260,000 copies\/ml. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed three brain lesions involving the right frontal lobe and the left parietal lobe, which on biopsy led to a diagnosis of AR-PCNSL. HAART was initiated with whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), and the patient declined systemic chemotherapy. Due to poor performance status, he was transferred to palliative care. Under HAART, he slowly recovered with normalization of CD4 count and undetectable viral load. Medical imaging showed complete remission (CR) of the brain lesions. At 3-year follow-up, the patient remains in CR, but presented mild neurocognitive dysfunction possibly secondary to WBRT.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Nowadays, treatment paradigm parallels that of primary central nervous system lymphoma in the immunocompetent population based on systemic chemotherapy (primarily high-dose intravenous methotrexate and steroids) in association with HAART. The role of WBRT is questionable because of late neurotoxic effects.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-021-00403-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T14:01:51Z","timestamp":1634652111000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Long-term remission of AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma in a patient under antiretroviral therapy: a case report and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Pieter-Jan","family":"Gijs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Clerc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"403_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/24.5.286","volume":"24","author":"K Castro","year":"1993","unstructured":"Castro K, Ward J, Slutsker L, Buehler J, Jaffe H, Berkelman R, et al. 1993 Revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults: centers for disease control and prevention. 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