{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:15:56Z","timestamp":1791598556935,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Res Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In 2018, approximately 1.6 million adolescents (aged 10\u201319) were living with HIV worldwide, with the highest HIV prevalence found in Eswatini. Adolescents and young adults living with HIV are a vulnerable population due to unique psychosocial challenges that come with having a stigmatizing disease. This group struggles more than other age-groups with medication adherence and requires novel approaches to supporting treatment, including peer-group encouragement, and self-expression.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We piloted a theater camp for a group of adolescents and young adults enrolled at our HIV clinic in Mbabane, Eswatini, to determine the impact of having an outlet for creative expression and peer support on treatment and feelings of stigma. Pre- and post-camp surveys were administered to the participants to assess perceived stigma and impact of the camp. The results were analyzed using a Wilcoxon-signed rank test.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Twenty individuals (ages 12\u201323) living with HIV participated in the camp concurrently with standard treatment. 25% showed a substantial decrease in viral load within six months of completing the camp (&gt;\u20090.1 log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> change) while only 10% showed a substantial increase. Those who completed the survey felt the camp helped them with confidence, teamwork, and friendships.\u00a0A comparison of pre- and post- surveys showed an overall decrease in personalized stigma. Quotes from participants reinforced these results.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Adolescents and young adults living with HIV are an important population for further program development. Our study showed creative arts programming has beneficial psychosocial effects, aids in community building, and potentially enhances the effectiveness of medical treatment. Further programs and studies should continue to investigate creative arts as an avenue for self-expression and community building among vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-021-00423-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T14:05:17Z","timestamp":1640009117000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impact of using creative arts programming to support HIV treatment in adolescents and young adults in Eswatini"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Tara E.","family":"Ness","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vedika","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Guffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Small","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tandzile","family":"Simelane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandile","family":"Dlamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Petrus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhekumusa","family":"Lukhele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"423_CR1","unstructured":"UNICEF. Adolescent HIV prevention current status and progress. https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/topic\/hivaids\/adolescents-young-people\/#. Accessed 1 May 2020."},{"issue":"2","key":"423_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e83","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(16)30190-4","volume":"4","author":"J Justman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Justman J, Reed JB, Bicego G, Donnell D, Li K, Bock N, et al. Swaziland HIV Incidence Measurement Survey (SHIMS): a prospective national cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2017;4(2):e83-92.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"423_CR3","unstructured":"UNICEF. 2013 Eswatini: Evaluation of the effectiveness of the national prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) Programme at 6\u20138 weeks Post-partum in Swaziland | Evaluation database. https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/evaldatabase\/index_73757.html. Accessed 10 Mar 2020."},{"key":"423_CR4","unstructured":"UNAIDS. AIDSinfo. http:\/\/aidsinfo.unaids.org\/. Accessed 10 Mar 2020."},{"key":"423_CR5","unstructured":"HIV and AIDS in Eswatini. https:\/\/www.avert.org\/professionals\/hiv-around-world\/sub-saharan-africa\/swaziland#footnote47_fk1o358. Accessed 10 Mar 2020."},{"key":"423_CR6","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Swaziland global AIDS response progress reporting 2014. https:\/\/files.unaids.org\/es\/dataanalysis\/knowyourresponse\/countryprogressreports\/2014countries\/file,94761,es..pdf. Accessed 10 Mar 2020."},{"key":"423_CR7","unstructured":"WHO. Adolescents falling through gaps in HIV services. https:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/releases\/2013\/hiv-adolescents-20131125\/en\/. Accessed 10 Mar 2020."},{"issue":"1","key":"423_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0189770","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189770","volume":"13","author":"K Ridgeway","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ridgeway K, Dulli LS, Murray KR, Silverstein H, Santo LD, Olsen P, et al. Interventions to improve antiretroviral therapy adherence among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the literature. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(1):e0189770.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"423_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25028","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25028","volume":"20","author":"RK MacKenzie","year":"2017","unstructured":"MacKenzie RK, van Lettow M, Gondwe C, Nyirongo J, Singano V, Banda V, et al. Greater retention in care among adolescents on antiretroviral treatment accessing \u201cTeen Club\u201d an adolescent-centered differentiated care model compared with standard of care: a nested case\u2013control study at a tertiary referral hospital in Malawi. J Int AIDS Soc. 2017;20(3):e25028.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"423_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munyayi FK, van Wyk B. The effects of Teen Clubs on retention in HIV care among adolescents in Windhoek, Namibia. South Afr J HIV Med. 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 2];21(1). https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7059250\/","DOI":"10.4102\/sajhivmed.v21i1.1031"},{"issue":"9","key":"423_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02580-y","volume":"23","author":"K McBride","year":"2019","unstructured":"McBride K, Parent J, Mmanga K, Chivwala M, Nyirenda MH, Schooley A, et al. ART adherence among malawian youth enrolled in teen clubs: a retrospective chart review. AIDS Behav. 2019;23(9):2629\u201333.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"423_CR12","unstructured":"UNICEF. 2018 Eswatini: impact evaluation of the teen club program for adolescents living with HIV in Eswatini. https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/evaldatabase\/index_103514.html. 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Resolution No A\/RES\/70\/266, political declaration on HIV and AIDS: On the fast\u2010track to accelerate the fight against HIV and to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030 2016 [25 January 2017]. http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/2016-political-declaration-HIV-AIDS_en.pdf"},{"key":"423_CR18","unstructured":"WHO. Adolescent and young adult health. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/adolescents-health-risks-and-solutions. Accessed 12 Aug 2021."},{"issue":"275","key":"423_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.03.025","volume":"1","author":"M Chiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chiang M, Reid-Varley WB, Fan X. Creative art therapy for mental illness. Psychiatry Res. 2019;1(275):129\u201336.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"423_CR20","first-page":"669","volume":"16","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhou Y. A controlled study on psychodrama to improve self-esteem of patients with Schizophrenia. Chin Ment Health J. 2002;16(10):669\u201371.","journal-title":"Chin Ment Health J"},{"issue":"4","key":"423_CR21","first-page":"237","volume":"33","author":"Y Qu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Qu Y, Li Y, Xiao G. The efficacy of drama therapy in chronic schizophrenia. Chin J Psychiatry. 2000;33(4):237\u20139.","journal-title":"Chin J Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["AIDS Research and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12981-021-00423-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12981-021-00423-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12981-021-00423-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T14:16:58Z","timestamp":1640009818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12981-021-00423-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["423"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12981-021-00423-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-6405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-6405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Baylor Institutional Review Board. All participants and their guardians provided written consent for participation.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The author(s) declare that they have no conflict(s) of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"100"}}