{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T07:44:23Z","timestamp":1774597463785,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Res Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been linked with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in populations where some individuals are seronegative. However, effects of CMV are unclear in HIV patients who all have high levels of CMV antibodies. Other metrics of their CMV burden are needed. Amongst transplant recipients, CMV drives the expansion of NK cell populations expressing NKG2C and\/or LIR1 and lacking FcR\u03b3.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Indonesian HIV patients (n\u2009=\u200940) were tested before ART and after 6\u00a0months, with healthy local controls (n\u2009=\u200920). All patients had high CMV antibody titres. 52% started therapy with CMV DNA detectable by qPCR, providing a crude measure of CMV burden. Proportions of CD56<jats:sup>Hi<\/jats:sup> or CD56<jats:sup>Lo<\/jats:sup> NK cells expressing FcR\u03b3, NKG2C or LIR1 were determined flow cytometrically. CVD was predicted using carotid intimal media thickness (cIMT). Values were correlated with levels of CMV antibodies on ART.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients had low proportions of CD56<jats:sup>Lo<\/jats:sup> and more CD56<jats:sup>Hi<\/jats:sup> NK cells. However proportions of FcR\u03b3<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> NK cells were <jats:italic>lowest<\/jats:italic> in patients with CMV DNA, and cIMT values related <jats:italic>inversely<\/jats:italic> with FcR\u03b3<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> NK cells in these patients. Percentages of NKG2C<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD56<jats:sup>Lo<\/jats:sup> NK cells were similar in patients and controls, but rose in patients with CMV DNA. Proportions of NKG2C<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD56<jats:sup>Hi<\/jats:sup> NK cells correlated with levels of CMV antibodies in CMV DNA-negative patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We show that the very high burdens of CMV in this population confound systems developed to study effects of CMV in other populations. FcR\u03b3<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> NK cells may be depleted by very high CMV burdens, but NKG2C and antibody levels may be informative in patients on ART.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-022-00439-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T12:03:55Z","timestamp":1647345835000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Which NK cell populations mark the high burden of CMV present in all HIV patients beginning ART in Indonesia?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ibnu A.","family":"Ariyanto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riwanti","family":"Estiasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birry","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ika Praseya","family":"Wijaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Budiman","family":"Bela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Soebandrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3078-4451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"439_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8864","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228864","volume":"21","author":"S Barnes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barnes S, Schilizzi O, Audsley KM, Newnes HV, Foley B. Deciphering the immunological phenomenon of adaptive natural killer (NK) cells and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21:8864.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"439_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00217","volume":"5","author":"JJ Knox","year":"2014","unstructured":"Knox JJ, Cosma GL, Betts MR, McLane LM. Characterisation of T-bet and eomes in peripheral human immune cells. Front Immunol. 2014;5:217.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"439_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2010.78","volume":"89","author":"HJ Pegram","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pegram HJ, Andrews DM, Smyth MJ, Darcy PK, Kershaw MH. Activating and inhibitory receptors of natural killer cells. 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Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"No authors have competing interests to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"16"}}