{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T21:07:33Z","timestamp":1788469653640,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Res Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted secondary data analysis using a biobehavioral survey dataset of 1538 MSM from Zimbabwe. Survey participants were screened for the four symptoms suggestive of tuberculosis infection using the WHO TB screening algorithm. Results: All participants experienced at least one symptom suggestive of tuberculosis. 40% of HIV-positive MSM reported having had a cough in the last month and 13% of them experienced unexpected weight loss. The prevalence of experiencing any of the four TB symptoms amongst HIV-positive MSM was 23%.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Contribution<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>There is an urgent need for active TB case finding and treatment amongst HIV-positive MSM in Zimbabwe. Clinicians will need to ensure that MSM who need TB testing receive it timeously.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-024-00605-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T17:02:01Z","timestamp":1711645321000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Presence of tuberculosis symptoms among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Zimbabwe"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Munyaradzi","family":"Mapingure","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Innocent","family":"Chingombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tafadzwa","family":"Dzinamarira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Moyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chesterfield","family":"Samba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delight","family":"Murigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen","family":"Mugurungi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliot","family":"Mbunge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rutendo Birri","family":"Makota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"Murewanhema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godfrey","family":"Musuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"605_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Global Tuberculosis Report. 2021. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2021."},{"key":"605_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization Global Health Estimates. 2016: deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2018."},{"key":"605_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68383-9","volume":"367","author":"EL Corbett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Corbett EL, Marston B, Churchyard GJ, De Cock KM. Tuberculosis in sub-saharan Africa: opportunities, challenges and change in the era of antiretroviral treatment. Lancet. 2006;367:926\u201337.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"605_CR4","first-page":"123","volume":"4","author":"MW Borgdorff","year":"2000","unstructured":"Borgdorff MW, Nagelkerke NJ, Dye C, Nunn P. Gender and tuberculosis: a comparison of prevalence surveys with notification data to explore sex differences in case detection. Int J Tuberculosis Lung Disease. 2000;4:123\u201332.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberculosis Lung Disease"},{"key":"605_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.033167","volume":"85","author":"JR Kemp","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kemp JR, Gillian M, Simwaka BN, Salaniponi FM, Squire BS. Can Malawi\u2019s poor afford free tuberculosis services? Patient and household costs associated with a tuberculosis diagnosis in Lilongwe. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85:580\u20135.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"605_CR6","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Child Care (MoHCC). Zimbabwe Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (ZIMPHIA 2020): Final Report. Harare. 2021."},{"key":"605_CR7","volume-title":"Transgender women, and Genderqueer individuals in Zimbabwe - Final Report","author":"HIV and STI Biobehavioral Survey among Men Who Have Sex with Men","year":"2020","unstructured":"HIV and STI Biobehavioral Survey among Men Who Have Sex with Men. Transgender women, and Genderqueer individuals in Zimbabwe - Final Report. New York: ICAP at Columbia University; 2020."},{"issue":"1","key":"605_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.21.0022","volume":"12","author":"TH Divala","year":"2022","unstructured":"Divala TH, Lewis J, Bulterys MA, Lutje V, Corbett EL, Schumacher SG, MacPherson P. Missed opportunities for diagnosis and treatment in patients with TB symptoms: a systematic review. Public Health Action. 2022;12(1):10\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/pha.21.0022.","journal-title":"Public Health Action"},{"key":"605_CR9","unstructured":"UNAIDS. HIV prevention among key populations. 2016."},{"issue":"3","key":"605_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816002703","volume":"145","author":"HN Xin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xin HN, Li XW, Zhang L, Li Z, Zhang HR, Yang Y. Tuberculosis infection testing in HIV-positive men who have sex with men from Xi\u2019an China. Epidemiol Infect. 2017;145(3):498\u2013502.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"605_CR11","volume-title":"Biobehavioral survey guidelines for populations at risk for HIV","author":"CDC UNAIDS","year":"2017","unstructured":"WHO, UNAIDS CDC, FHI 360. Biobehavioral survey guidelines for populations at risk for HIV. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2017."},{"issue":"1","key":"605_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-15","volume":"8","author":"DG Storla","year":"2008","unstructured":"Storla DG, Yimer S, Bjune GA. A systematic review of delay in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. BMC Public Health. 2008;8(1):15.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"605_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0743","volume":"17","author":"K Kranzer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kranzer K, Afnan-Holmes H, Tomlin K, Golub JE, Shapiro AE, Schaap A, Corbett EL, L\u00f6nnroth K, Glynn JR. The benefits to communities and individuals of screening for active tuberculosis disease: a systematic review. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2013;17(4):432\u201346.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"605_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30039-6","volume":"7","author":"C Yoon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoon C, Dowdy DW, Esmail H, MacPherson P, Schumacher SG. Screening for tuberculosis: time to move beyond symptoms. 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Trop Med Health. 2021;49:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41182-020-00293-w.","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-024-00617-4","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714348800000}}],"container-title":["AIDS Research and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12981-024-00605-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12981-024-00605-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12981-024-00605-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T17:04:32Z","timestamp":1714410272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12981-024-00605-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["605"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12981-024-00605-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-6405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-6405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2024","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12981-024-00617-4","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12981-024-00617-4","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"18"}}