{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T03:28:29Z","timestamp":1794281309426,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J NeuroEngineering Rehabil"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-024-01505-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T01:45:21Z","timestamp":1732499121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Non-invasive brain stimulation enhances motor and cognitive performances during dual tasks in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Hajun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beom Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nyeonju","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"1505_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30044-4","volume":"18","author":"A Mirelman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mirelman A, Bonato P, Camicioli R, Ellis TD, Giladi N, Hamilton JL, et al. Gait impairments in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18(7):697\u2013708.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"13","key":"1505_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1386","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000206762","volume":"100","author":"MA Bock","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bock MA, Vittinghoff E, Bahorik AL, Leng Y, Fink H, Yaffe K. Cognitive and functional trajectories in older adults with prediagnostic Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2023;100(13):e1386\u201394.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"1505_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000180516.69442.95","volume":"65","author":"D Muslimovic","year":"2005","unstructured":"Muslimovic D, Post B, Speelman JD, Schmand B. Cognitive profile of patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2005;65(8):1239\u201345.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1505_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.13","volume":"3","author":"W Poewe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Poewe W, Seppi K, Tanner CM, Halliday GM, Brundin P, Volkmann J, et al. Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3(1):1\u201321.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"7","key":"1505_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.62","volume":"18","author":"AH Schapira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schapira AH, Chaudhuri KR, Jenner P. Non-motor features of Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2017;18(7):435\u201350.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1505_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelly VE, Eusterbrock AJ, Shumway-Cook A. A review of dual-task walking deficits in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: motor and cognitive contributions, mechanisms, and clinical implications. Parkinsons Dis. 2012;2012.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/918719"},{"key":"1505_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974985","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.974985","volume":"13","author":"X Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang X, Fan W, Yu H, Li L, Chen Z, Guan Q. Single-and dual-task gait performance and their diagnostic value in early-stage Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Neurol. 2022;13:974985.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1505_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000331","volume":"31","author":"RD Salazar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salazar RD, Ren X, Ellis TD, Toraif N, Barthelemy OJ, Neargarder S, et al. Dual tasking in Parkinson\u2019s disease: cognitive consequences while walking. Neuropsychology. 2017;31(6):613.","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"9","key":"1505_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-017-0862-0","volume":"30","author":"AFR Kleiner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kleiner AFR, Pagnussat AS, Prisco Gd, Vagnini A, Stocchi F, De Pandis MF, et al. Analyzing gait variability and dual-task interference in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and freezing by means of the word-color Stroop test. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2018;30(9):1137\u201342.","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"1505_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-021-06113-9","volume":"239","author":"S Morrison","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morrison S, Moxey J, Reilly N, Russell DM, Thomas KM, Grunsfeld AA. The relation between falls risk and movement variability in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Exp Brain Res. 2021;239(7):2077\u201387.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1505_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2010.01344.x","volume":"123","author":"GM Hariz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hariz GM, Forsgren L. Activities of daily living and quality of life in persons with newly diagnosed Parkinson\u2019s disease according to subtype of disease, and in comparison to healthy controls. Acta Neurol Scand. 2011;123(1):20\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"1505_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26156","volume":"90","author":"J Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou J, Manor B, Yu W, Lo OY, Gouskova N, Salvador R, et al. Targeted tDCS mitigates dual-task costs to gait and balance in older adults. Ann Neurol. 2021;90(3):428\u201339.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1505_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00144","volume":"11","author":"MR Ljubisavljevic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ljubisavljevic MR, Oommen J, Filipovic S, Bjekic J, Szolics M, Nagelkerke N. Effects of tDCS of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on dual-task performance involving manual dexterity and cognitive task in healthy older adults. Front Aging Neurosci. 2019;11:144.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"1505_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807151","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.807151","volume":"14","author":"P-L Wong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wong P-L, Yang Y-R, Huang S-F, Fuh J-L, Chiang H-L, Wang R-Y. Transcranial direct current stimulation on different targets to modulate cortical activity and dual-task walking in individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a double blinded randomized controlled trial. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022;14:807151.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"1505_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107604","volume":"226","author":"MEB Bueno","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bueno MEB, da Silva TCO, de Souza RJ, Volpe RP, Moura FA, Smaili SM. Acute effects of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with physical therapy on the balance and gait in individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2023;226:107604.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1505_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.29.1.3","volume":"29","author":"M Tombu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tombu M, Jolic\u0153ur P. A central capacity sharing model of dual-task performance. J Exp Psychol-Hum Percept Perform. 2003;29(1):3.","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol-Hum Percept Perform"},{"issue":"3","key":"1505_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.08.008","volume":"35","author":"E Al-Yahya","year":"2011","unstructured":"Al-Yahya E, Dawes H, Smith L, Dennis A, Howells K, Cockburn J. Cognitive motor interference while walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011;35(3):715\u201328.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"1505_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.06.014","volume":"82","author":"T Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu T, Hallett M, Chan P. Motor automaticity in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2015;82:226\u201334.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"1505_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.02.073","volume":"152","author":"M Gilat","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gilat M, Bell PT, Martens KAE, Georgiades MJ, Hall JM, Walton CC, et al. Dopamine depletion impairs gait automaticity by altering cortico-striatal and cerebellar processing in Parkinson\u2019s disease. NeuroImage. 2017;152:207\u201320.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"1505_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601686","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.601686","volume":"11","author":"M Ranchet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ranchet M, Hoang I, Cheminon M, Derollepot R, Devos H, Perrey S, et al. Changes in prefrontal cortical activity during walking and cognitive functions among patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Neurol. 2020;11:601686.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1505_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32833b6019","volume":"23","author":"S Appel-Cresswell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Appel-Cresswell S, de la Fuente-Fernandez R, Galley S, McKeown MJ. Imaging of compensatory mechanisms in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Curr Opin Neurol. 2010;23(4):407\u201312.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1505_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.06753.x","volume":"29","author":"SJ Palmer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Palmer SJ, Ng B, Abugharbieh R, Eigenraam L, McKeown MJ. Motor reserve and novel area recruitment: amplitude and spatial characteristics of compensation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Eur J Neurosci. 2009;29(11):2187\u201396.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"1505_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25897","volume":"29","author":"F Valentino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Valentino F, Cosentino G, Brighina F, Pozzi NG, Sandrini G, Fierro B, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation for treatment of freezing of gait: a cross-over study. Mov Disord. 2014;29(8):1064\u20139.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1505_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Usman JS, Wong TW-L, NG SSM. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on dual-task performance in older and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr Plus. 2024:100047.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aggp.2024.100047"},{"key":"1505_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157920","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1157920","volume":"17","author":"X Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin X, Zhang Y, Chen X, Wen L, Duan L, Yang L. Effects of noninvasive brain stimulation on dual-task performance in different populations: a systematic review. Front Neurosci. 2023;17:1157920.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1505_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25881","volume":"88","author":"CLH Chung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chung CLH, Mak MKY, Hallett M. Transcranial magnetic stimulation promotes gait training in Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol. 2020;88(5):933\u201345.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1505_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2020.11.012","volume":"84","author":"RK Mishra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mishra RK, Thrasher AT. Transcranial direct current stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex improves dual-task gait performance in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a double blind, sham-controlled study. Gait Posture. 2021;84:11\u20136.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"1505_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-019-0561-5","volume":"16","author":"I Santos Ferreira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Santos Ferreira I, Teixeira Costa B, Lima Ramos C, Lucena P, Thibaut A, Fregni F. Searching for the optimal tDCS target for motor rehabilitation. J NeuroEng Rehabil. 2019;16:1\u201312.","journal-title":"J NeuroEng Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"1505_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.11.002","volume":"131","author":"J-P Lefaucheur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lefaucheur J-P, Aleman A, Baeken C, Benninger DH, Brunelin J, Di Lazzaro V, et al. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): an update (2014\u20132018). Clin Neurophysiol. 2020;131(2):474\u2013528.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1505_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1505_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amir-Behghadami M, Janati A, Population. Intervention, comparison, outcomes and study (PICOS) design as a framework to formulate eligibility criteria in systematic reviews. Emerg Med J. 2020.","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2020-209567"},{"key":"1505_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JP, Rothstein HR. Introduction to meta-analysis: Wiley; 2021.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119558378"},{"key":"1505_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101377","volume":"70","author":"JH Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee JH, Lee TL, Kang N. Transcranial direct current stimulation decreased cognition-related reaction time in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2021;70:101377.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"1505_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp345","volume":"40","author":"MR Stedman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stedman MR, Curtin F, Elbourne DR, Kesselheim AS, Brookhart MA. Meta-analyses involving cross-over trials: methodological issues. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40(6):1732\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1505_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12","volume":"1","author":"M Borenstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JP, Rothstein HR. A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random\u2010effects models for meta\u2010analysis. Res Synth Methods. 2010;1(2):97\u2013111.","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"11","key":"1505_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","volume":"21","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2002","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21(11):1539\u201358.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"7414","key":"1505_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","volume":"327","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327(7414):557\u201360.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7109","key":"1505_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315(7109):629\u201334.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1505_CR39","first-page":"10","volume":"2019","author":"M Cumpston","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Chandler J, Welch VA, Higgins JP, et al. Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;2019:10.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1505_CR40","first-page":"28","volume":"205","author":"Higgins","year":"2019","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Sterne JA. Assessing risk of bias in a randomized trial. Cochrane Handb Syst Reviews Interventions. 2019;205:28.","journal-title":"Cochrane Handb Syst Reviews Interventions"},{"key":"1505_CR41","unstructured":"Higgins J, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page M et al. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.4 (updated August 2023). Cochrane. 2023."},{"key":"1505_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.05.028","volume":"88","author":"DH Lench","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lench DH, DeVries W, Kearney-Ramos TE, Chesnutt A, Monsch ED, Embry AE, et al. Paired inhibitory stimulation and gait training modulates supplemental motor area connectivity in freezing of gait. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2021;88:28\u201333.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"1505_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2022.04.029","volume":"100","author":"RK Mishra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mishra RK, Thrasher AT. Effect of concurrent transcranial direct current stimulation on instrumented timed up and go task performance in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a double-blind and cross-over study. J Clin Neurosci. 2022;100:184\u201391.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"1505_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27533","volume":"33","author":"M Putzolu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Putzolu M, Pelosin E, Ogliastro C, Lagravinese G, Bonassi G, Ravaschio A, et al. Anodal tDCS over prefrontal cortex improves dual-task walking in parkinsonian patients with freezing. Mov Disord. 2018;33(12):1972\u20133.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"1505_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0158497","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158497","volume":"11","author":"SM Schabrun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schabrun SM, Lamont RM, Brauer SG. Transcranial direct current stimulation to enhance dual-task gait training in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a pilot RCT. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(6):e0158497.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1505_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.05.010","volume":"626","author":"C Swank","year":"2016","unstructured":"Swank C, Mehta J, Criminger C. Transcranial direct current stimulation lessens dual task cost in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurosci Lett. 2016;626:1\u20135.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"1505_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Criminger C, Swank C, Almutairi S, Mehta J. Transcranial direct current stimulation plus concurrent activity may influence task prioritization during walking in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease\u2013initial findings. Res Rev Parkinsonism. 2018:25\u201332.","DOI":"10.2147\/JPRLS.S161740"},{"issue":"7","key":"1505_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3442","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11669-3","volume":"270","author":"S Broeder","year":"2023","unstructured":"Broeder S, Vandendoorent B, Hermans P, Nackaerts E, Verheyden G, Meesen R, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation enhances motor learning in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Neuro. 2023;270(7):3442\u201350.","journal-title":"J Neuro"},{"issue":"5","key":"1505_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.17.5.427","volume":"17","author":"MM Hoehn","year":"1967","unstructured":"Hoehn MM, Yahr MD. Parkinsonism: onset, progression, and mortality. Neurology. 1967;17(5):427.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1505_CR50","unstructured":"Fahn S. Unified Parkinson\u2019s disease rating scale. Recent developments in Parkinson\u2019s disease. 1987:153\u2009\u2013\u200963."},{"issue":"15","key":"1505_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22340","volume":"23","author":"CG Goetz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goetz CG, Tilley BC, Shaftman SR, Stebbins GT, Fahn S, Martinez-Martin P, et al. Movement Disorder Society\u2010sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale (MDS\u2010UPDRS): scale presentation and clinimetric testing results. Mov Disord. 2008;23(15):2129\u201370.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1505_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","volume":"12","author":"MF Folstein","year":"1975","unstructured":"Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-mental state: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12(3):189\u201398.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1505_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","volume":"53","author":"ZS Nasreddine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, B\u00e9dirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(4):695\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1505_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark D. Automaticity of walking: functional significance, mechanisms, measurement and rehabilitation strategies. Front Hum Neurosci. 2015; 9: 246. 2015.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00246"},{"key":"1505_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2017.04.002","volume":"115","author":"A Mirelman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mirelman A, Maidan I, Bernad-Elazari H, Shustack S, Giladi N, Hausdorff JM. Effects of aging on prefrontal brain activation during challenging walking conditions. Brain Cogn. 2017;115:41\u20136.","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"issue":"4","key":"1505_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.06.014","volume":"37","author":"M Mihara","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mihara M, Miyai I, Hatakenaka M, Kubota K, Sakoda S. Sustained prefrontal activation during ataxic gait: a compensatory mechanism for ataxic stroke? NeuroImage. 2007;37(4):1338\u201345.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"35","key":"1505_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12566","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502762102","volume":"102","author":"S Leh\u00e9ricy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Leh\u00e9ricy S, Benali H, Van de Moortele P-F, P\u00e9l\u00e9grini-Issac M, Waechter T, Ugurbil K, et al. Distinct basal ganglia territories are engaged in early and advanced motor sequence learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2005;102(35):12566\u201371.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"1505_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3330","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu135","volume":"25","author":"T Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu T, Liu J, Zhang H, Hallett M, Zheng Z, Chan P. Attention to automatic movements in Parkinson\u2019s disease: modified automatic mode in the striatum. Cereb Cortex. 2015;25(10):3330\u201342.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"4","key":"1505_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410280412","volume":"28","author":"D Brooks","year":"1990","unstructured":"Brooks D, Ibanez V, Sawle Gea, Quinn N, Lees A, Mathias C, et al. Differing patterns of striatal 18F-dopa uptake in Parkinson\u2019s disease, multiple system atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy. Ann Neurol. 1990;28(4):547\u201355.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1505_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2020.02.013","volume":"151","author":"YR Panikratova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Panikratova YR, Vlasova RM, Akhutina TV, Korneev AA, Sinitsyn VE, Pechenkova EV. Functional connectivity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex contributes to different components of executive functions. Int J Psychophysiol. 2020;151:70\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"1505_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.05.006","volume":"56","author":"AC de Souza Fortaleza","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Souza Fortaleza AC, Mancini M, Carlson-Kuhta P, King LA, Nutt JG, Chagas EF, et al. Dual task interference on postural sway, postural transitions and gait in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease and freezing of gait. Gait Posture. 2017;56:76\u201381.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"1505_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.01.025","volume":"25","author":"I Maidan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maidan I, Rosenberg-Katz K, Jacob Y, Giladi N, Deutsch J, Hausdorff J, et al. Altered brain activation in complex walking conditions in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016;25:91\u20136.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"1505_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2018.04.011","volume":"113","author":"S Stuart","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stuart S, Vitorio R, Morris R, Martini DN, Fino PC, Mancini M. Cortical activity during walking and balance tasks in older adults and in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a structured review. Maturitas. 2018;113:53\u201372.","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"1505_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592532","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.592532","volume":"14","author":"I Hoang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hoang I, Ranchet M, Derollepot R, Moreau F, Paire-Ficout L. Measuring the cognitive workload during dual-task walking in young adults: a combination of neurophysiological and subjective measures. Front Hum Neurosci. 2020;14:592532.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"1505_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2020.02.020","volume":"78","author":"H-T Goh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goh H-T, Connolly K, Hardy J, McCain K, Walker-Batson D. Single session of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex increased dual-task gait speed in chronic stroke: a pilot study. Gait Posture. 2020;78:1\u20135.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"1505_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-015-4232-x","volume":"233","author":"JG Wrightson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wrightson JG, Twomey R, Ross EZ, Smeeton NJ. The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on task processing and prioritisation during dual-task gait. Exp Brain Res. 2015;233:1575\u201383.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1505_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s41465-016-0004-1","volume":"1","author":"T Strobach","year":"2017","unstructured":"Strobach T, Antonenko D. tDCS-induced effects on executive functioning and their cognitive mechanisms: a review. J Cogn Enhance. 2017;1:49\u201364.","journal-title":"J Cogn Enhance"},{"issue":"1","key":"1505_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1999.0734","volume":"41","author":"A Miyake","year":"2000","unstructured":"Miyake A, Friedman NP, Emerson MJ, Witzki AH, Howerter A, Wager TD. The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex frontal lobe tasks: a latent variable analysis. Cogn Psychol. 2000;41(1):49\u2013100.","journal-title":"Cogn Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1505_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afl107","volume":"35","author":"AK Coppin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coppin AK, Shumway-Cook A, Saczynski JS, Patel KV, Ble A, Ferrucci L, et al. Association of executive function and performance of dual-task physical tests among older adults: analyses from the InChianti study. Age Ageing. 2006;35(6):619\u201324.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"1505_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-014-0563-7","volume":"78","author":"T Strobach","year":"2014","unstructured":"Strobach T, Salminen T, Karbach J, Schubert T. Practice-related optimization and transfer of executive functions: a general review and a specific realization of their mechanisms in dual tasks. Psychol Res. 2014;78:836\u201351.","journal-title":"Psychol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1505_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.88","volume":"35","author":"SE Leh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leh SE, Petrides M, Strafella AP. The neural circuitry of executive functions in healthy subjects and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35(1):70\u201385.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1505_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(02)00257-9","volume":"41","author":"SJ Lewis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lewis SJ, Cools R, Robbins TW, Dove A, Barker RA, Owen AM. Using executive heterogeneity to explore the nature of working memory deficits in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neuropsychologia. 2003;41(6):645\u201354.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"1505_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.12.010","volume":"14","author":"T Bunai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bunai T, Hirosawa T, Kikuchi M, Fukai M, Yokokura M, Ito S, et al. tDCS-induced modulation of GABA concentration and dopamine release in the human brain: a combination study of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography. Brain Stimul. 2021;14(1):154\u201360.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"7","key":"1505_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy093","volume":"28","author":"C Fonteneau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fonteneau C, Redoute J, Haesebaert F, Le Bars D, Costes N, Suaud-Chagny M-F, et al. Frontal transcranial direct current stimulation induces dopamine release in the ventral striatum in human. Cereb Cortex. 2018;28(7):2636\u201346.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"1505_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0443-4","volume":"9","author":"M Fukai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fukai M, Bunai T, Hirosawa T, Kikuchi M, Ito S, Minabe Y, et al. Endogenous dopamine release under transcranial direct-current stimulation governs enhanced attention: a study with positron emission tomography. Transl Psychiatr. 2019;9(1):115.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatr"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"1505_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.019","volume":"131","author":"J Brunelin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brunelin J, Szekely D, Costes N, Mondino M, Bougerol T, Saoud M. Theta burst stimulation in the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and striatal dopamine release. An iTBS-[11\u00a0C] raclopride PET case study. Schizophr Res. 2011;131(1\u20133):264\u20135.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"1505_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khedr EM, Rothwell JC, Shawky OA, Ahmed MA, Foly KN, Hamdy A. Dopamine levels after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of motor cortex in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: preliminary results. Wiley Online Library; 2007.","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21460"},{"key":"1505_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867053","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2022.867053","volume":"16","author":"J Cai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cai J, Tong Q. Anatomy and function of ventral tegmental area glutamate neurons. Front Neural Circuits. 2022;16:867053.","journal-title":"Front Neural Circuits"},{"issue":"28","key":"1505_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10340","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0895-11.2011","volume":"31","author":"IC Ballard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ballard IC, Murty VP, Carter RM, MacInnes JJ, Huettel SA, Adcock RA. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex drives mesolimbic dopaminergic regions to initiate motivated behavior. J Neurosci. 2011;31(28):10340\u20136.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"15","key":"1505_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Rc157","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-15-j0003.2001","volume":"21","author":"AP Strafella","year":"2001","unstructured":"Strafella AP, Paus T, Barrett J, Dagher A. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human prefrontal cortex induces dopamine release in the caudate nucleus. J Neurosci. 2001;21(15):Rc157.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1505_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12111280","volume":"263","author":"TM Seibert","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seibert TM, Murphy EA, Kaestner EJ, Brewer JB. Interregional correlations in Parkinson disease and Parkinson-related dementia with resting functional MR imaging. Radiology. 2012;263(1):226\u201334.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1505_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-016-0066-0","volume":"5","author":"L-l Gao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gao L-l, Wu T. The study of brain functional connectivity in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Transl Neurodegener. 2016;5:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"1505_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00190","volume":"13","author":"I Alkhasli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alkhasli I, Sakreida K, Mottaghy FM, Binkofski F. Modulation of fronto-striatal functional connectivity using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci. 2019;13:190.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"1505_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-017-0552-4","volume":"30","author":"A Sotnikova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sotnikova A, Soff C, Tagliazucchi E, Becker K, Siniatchkin M. Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates neuronal networks in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Brain Topogr. 2017;30:656\u201372.","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"issue":"2","key":"1505_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e7b688","volume":"75","author":"GK Kerr","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kerr GK, Worringham CJ, Cole MH, Lacherez PF, Wood JM, Silburn P. Predictors of future falls in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2010;75(2):116\u201324.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"1505_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20974","volume":"21","author":"CC Janvin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Janvin CC, Larsen JP, Aarsland D, Hugdahl K. Subtypes of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease: progression to dementia. Mov Disord. 2006;21(9):1343\u20139.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1505_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.049916","volume":"553","author":"M Nitsche","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nitsche M, Fricke K, Henschke U, Schlitterlau A, Liebetanz D, Lang N, et al. Pharmacological modulation of cortical excitability shifts induced by transcranial direct current stimulation in humans. J Physiol. 2003;553(1):293\u2013301.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1505_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.01.021","volume":"118","author":"Y-Z Huang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Huang Y-Z, Chen R-S, Rothwell JC, Wen H-Y. The after-effect of human theta burst stimulation is NMDA receptor dependent. Clin Neurophysiol. 2007;118(5):1028\u201332.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1505_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.01.005","volume":"13","author":"JC Brown","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brown JC, DeVries WH, Korte JE, Sahlem GL, Bonilha L, Short EB, et al. NMDA receptor partial agonist, d-cycloserine, enhances 10 hz rTMS-induced motor plasticity, suggesting long-term potentiation (LTP) as underlying mechanism. Brain Stimul. 2020;13(3):530\u20132.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"8","key":"1505_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300517","volume":"29","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nitsche MA, Jaussi W, Liebetanz D, Lang N, Tergau F, Paulus W. Consolidation of human motor cortical neuroplasticity by D-cycloserine. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004;29(8):1573\u20138.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"7","key":"1505_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12070929","volume":"12","author":"J Kricheldorff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kricheldorff J, G\u00f6ke K, Kiebs M, Kasten FH, Herrmann CS, Witt K, et al. Evidence of neuroplastic changes after transcranial magnetic, electric, and deep brain stimulation. Brain Sci. 2022;12(7):929.","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"1505_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.02.015","volume":"64","author":"L Deutschenbaur","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deutschenbaur L, Beck J, Kiyhankhadiv A, M\u00fchlhauser M, Borgwardt S, Walter M, et al. Role of calcium, glutamate and NMDA in major depression and therapeutic application. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2016;64:325\u201333.","journal-title":"Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1505_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-018-2634-4","volume":"44","author":"A Kumar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kumar A, Foster TC. Alteration in NMDA receptor mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus during senescence. Neurochem Res. 2019;44:38\u201348.","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"1505_CR94","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): emerging used, Safety and Neurobiological effects","author":"JR Rozisky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rozisky JR, Antunes LC, Brietzke AP, de Sousa AC, Caumo W. Transcranial direct current stimulation and neuroplasticity. In: Rogers L, editor. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): emerging used, Safety and Neurobiological effects. New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers Inc; 2016. pp. 1\u201326."},{"key":"1505_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.015","volume":"95","author":"DR Roalf","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roalf DR, Sydnor VJ, Woods M, Wolk DA, Scott JC, Reddy R, et al. A quantitative meta-analysis of brain glutamate metabolites in aging. Neurobiol Aging. 2020;95:240\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"1505_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(00)00225-6","volume":"122","author":"G Segovia","year":"2001","unstructured":"Segovia G, Porras A, Del Arco A, Mora F. Glutamatergic neurotransmission in aging: a critical perspective. Mech Ageing Dev. 2001;122(1):1\u201329.","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"issue":"6","key":"1505_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.004","volume":"13","author":"E Ghasemian-Shirvan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghasemian-Shirvan E, Farnad L, Mosayebi-Samani M, Verstraelen S, Meesen RL, Kuo M-F, et al. Age-related differences of motor cortex plasticity in adults: a transcranial direct current stimulation study. Brain Stimul. 2020;13(6):1588\u201399.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"3","key":"1505_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.089","volume":"121","author":"G Todd","year":"2010","unstructured":"Todd G, Kimber TE, Ridding MC, Semmler JG. Reduced motor cortex plasticity following inhibitory rTMS in older adults. Clin Neurophysiol. 2010;121(3):441\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1505_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2011.00005","volume":"3","author":"C Freitas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Freitas C, Perez J, Knobel M, Tormos JM, Oberman L, Eldaief M, et al. Changes in cortical plasticity across the lifespan. Front Aging Neurosci. 2011;3:5.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"1505_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2018.06.014","volume":"142","author":"J M\u00e1lly","year":"2018","unstructured":"M\u00e1lly J, Stone TW, Sink\u00f3 G, Geisz N, Dinya E. Long term follow-up study of non-invasive brain stimulation (NBS)(rTMS and tDCS) in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). Strong age-dependency in the effect of NBS. Brain Res Bull. 2018;142:78\u201387.","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"1505_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00157","volume":"14","author":"Y-j Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song Y-j, Li S-r, Li X-w, Chen X, Wei Z-x, Liu Q-s, et al. The effect of estrogen replacement therapy on Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis. Front Neurosci. 2020;14:157.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"1505_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:21:1:77","volume":"21","author":"H Sawada","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sawada H, Shimohama S. Estrogens and Parkinson disease: novel approach for neuroprotection. Endocrine. 2003;21:77\u20139.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"1","key":"1505_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-212892","volume":"12","author":"M Picillo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Picillo M, LaFontant D-E, Bressman S, Caspell-Garcia C, Coffey C, Cho HR, et al. Sex-related longitudinal change of motor, non-motor, and biological features in early Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Parkinsons Dis. 2022;12(1):421\u201336.","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1505_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28312","volume":"36","author":"H Iwaki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iwaki H, Blauwendraat C, Leonard HL, Makarious MB, Kim JJ, Liu G, et al. Differences in the presentation and progression of Parkinson\u2019s disease by sex. Mov Disord. 2021;36(1):106\u201317.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1505_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2022.100422","volume":"29","author":"S Moriyasu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moriyasu S, Shimizu T, Honda M, Ugawa Y, Hanajima R. Motor cortical plasticity and its correlation with motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease. eNeurologicalSci. 2022;29:100422.","journal-title":"eNeurologicalSci"},{"issue":"11","key":"1505_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.09.007","volume":"128","author":"Y-Z Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang Y-Z, Lu M-K, Antal A, Classen J, Nitsche M, Ziemann U, et al. Plasticity induced by non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation: a position paper. Clin Neurophysiol. 2017;128(11):2318\u201329.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1505_CR107","first-page":"247","volume":"152","author":"C Chisari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chisari C, Fanciullacci C, Lamola G, Rossi B, Cohen LG. NIBS-driven brain plasticity. Arch Ital Biol. 2014;152(4):247\u201358.","journal-title":"Arch Ital Biol"},{"key":"1505_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Myung S-K. How to review and assess a systematic review and meta-analysis article: a methodological study (secondary publication). J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2023;20.","DOI":"10.3352\/jeehp.2023.20.24"},{"issue":"1","key":"1505_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.08.003","volume":"9","author":"K-A Ho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ho K-A, Taylor JL, Chew T, G\u00e1lvez V, Alonzo A, Bai S, et al. The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) electrode size and current intensity on motor cortical excitability: evidence from single and repeated sessions. Brain Stimul. 2016;9(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"1505_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.03.028","volume":"287","author":"M Christova","year":"2015","unstructured":"Christova M, Rafolt D, Gallasch E. Cumulative effects of anodal and priming cathodal tDCS on pegboard test performance and motor cortical excitability. Behav Brain Res. 2015;287:27\u201333.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12984-024-01505-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12984-024-01505-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12984-024-01505-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T03:04:33Z","timestamp":1732503873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jneuroengrehab.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12984-024-01505-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12984-024-01505-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-0003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-0003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"205"}}