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The Institut Pasteur de Madagascar is guided by the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals. This Institution comply with the following laws, regulations, and policies governing the care and use of laboratory animals (Directive 2010\/63\/EU revising Directive 86\/609\/EEC on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes was adopted on 22 September 2010; National charter related to Ethics on animal experimentation, Ministry of Education and Research, Ministry of agriculture, livestock and fisheries; 3 April 2008; Charter of the Institut Pasteur related to Ethics on animal experimentation). Moreover, this institution is approved by the US Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (Animal Welfare Assurance number F17\u201300356).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"83"}}