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Routine vaccination of poultry against avian influenza is not recommended in Europe, however it has been ordered in some other countries, and more countries are considering use of the avian influenza vaccine as a component of their control strategy. Although a variety of such vaccines have been tested, most research has concentrated on specific antibodies and challenge experiments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We monitored the transcriptomic response to a DNA vaccine encoding hemagglutinin from the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in the spleens of broiler and layer chickens. Moreover, in layer chickens the response to one and two doses of the vaccine was compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All groups of birds immunized with two doses of the vaccine responded at the humoral level by producing specific anti-hemagglutinin antibodies. A response to the vaccine was also detected in the spleen transcriptomes. Differential expression of many genes encoding noncoding RNA and proteins functionally connected to the neuroendocrine-immune system was observed in different immunized groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Broiler chickens showed a higher number and wider range of fold-changes in the transcriptional response than laying hens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-020-01335-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T12:02:57Z","timestamp":1588852977000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Response to a DNA vaccine against the H5N1 virus depending on the chicken line and number of doses"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Barbara Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Kalenik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"G\u00f3ra-Sochacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Stachyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Olszewska-Tomczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Fogtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u00f3\u017ca","family":"Sawicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"\u015amietanka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5205-2924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Sirko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1335_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0195285","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195285","volume":"13","author":"H Jang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jang H, Elaish M, Kc M, Abundo MC, Ghorbani A, Ngunjiri JM, Lee CW. 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All experiments involving animals were approved by the Second Local Ethics Committee of Animal Experimentation in Lublin, Permission Number 26\/2012 (White Leghorn) or the Second Local Ethical Committee for Animal Experiments at the Medical University of Warsaw, Permit Number 17\/2009 (remaining chickens).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"66"}}