{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T22:21:22Z","timestamp":1793312482801,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605484800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of the Fujian Province","award":["2017J01621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017J01621"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology","award":["2015J1001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015J1001"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Public Welfare Fund","award":["2018R1023-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1023-15"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>African swine fever (ASF) leads to high mortality in domestic pigs and wild boar and is caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). Currently, no vaccine is commercially available for prevention, and the epidemic is still spreading. Here, we constructed a recombinant pseudorabies virus (PRV) (PRV-\u0394gE\/\u0394gI\/\u0394TK-(CD2v)) that expresses the CD2v protein of ASFV and evaluated its effectiveness and safety as a vaccine candidate in mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A homologous recombination fragment containing ASFV CD2v was synthesized and co-transfected into HEK 293\u00a0T cells, a knockout vector targeting the PRV TK gene. The transfected cells were infected with PRV-\u0394gE\/\u0394gI, and the recombinant strain (PRV-\u0394gE\/\u0394gI\/\u0394TK-(CD2v)) was obtained by plaque purification in Vero cells. The expression of ASFV CD2v in the recombinant virus was confirmed by sequencing, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence analysis, and the genetic stability was tested in Vero cells over 20 passages. The virulence, immunogenicity and protective ability of the recombinant virus were further tested in a mouse model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PRV-\u0394gE\/\u0394gI\/\u0394TK-(CD2v) recombinant strain is stable in Vero cells, and the processing of CD2v does not depend on ASFV infection. The vaccination of PRV-\u0394gE\/\u0394gI\/\u0394TK-(CD2v) causes neither pruritus, not a systemic infection and inflammation (with the high expression of interleukin-6 (IL6)). Besides, the virus vaccination can produce anti-CD2v specific antibody and activate a specific cellular immune response, and 100% protect mice from the challenge of the virulent strain (PRV-Fa). The detoxification occurs much earlier upon the recombinant virus vaccination and the amount of detoxification is much lower as well.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PRV-\u0394gE\/\u0394gI\/\u0394TK-(CD2v) recombinant strain has strong immunogenicity, is safe and effective, and maybe a potential vaccine candidate for the prevention of ASF and Pseudorabies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-020-01450-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T08:19:15Z","timestamp":1605514755000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["The recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing African swine fever virus CD2v protein is safe and effective in mice"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wangwang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaolong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoli","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1450_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2019.1590128","volume":"8","author":"D Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao D, Liu R, Zhang X, Li F, Wang J, Zhang J, Liu X, Wang L, Zhang J, Wu X. Replication and virulence in pigs of the first African swine fever virus isolated in China. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2019;8:438\u201347.","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"1450_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz1439","volume":"366","author":"N Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang N, Zhao D, Wang JB, Zhang Y, Wang M, Gao Y, Li F, Wang J, Bu Z, Rao Z. Architecture of African swine fever virus and implications for viral assembly. Science. 2019;366:640\u20134.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1450_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.04.001","volume":"219","author":"C Gallardo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gallardo C, Nurmoja I, Soler A, Delicado V, Simon A, Martin E, Perez C, Nieto R, Arias M. Evolution in Europe of African swine fever genotype II viruses from highly to moderately virulent. Vet Microbiol. 2018;219:70\u20139.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"1450_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2411.181274","volume":"24","author":"S Ge","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ge S, Li J, Fan X, Liu F, Li L, Wang Q, Ren W, Bao J, Liu C, Wang H. Molecular characterization of African swine fever virus, China, 2018. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24:2131\u20133.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1450_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7020056","volume":"7","author":"NN Gaudreault","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gaudreault NN, Richt JA. Subunit vaccine approaches for African swine fever virus. Vaccine. 2019;7:56.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1450_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.10.020","volume":"173","author":"LK Dixon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dixon LK, Chapman DAG, Netherton CL, Upton C. African swine fever virus replication and genomics. Virus Res. 2013;173:3\u201314.","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"1450_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.01.019","volume":"400","author":"EP De Villiers","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Villiers EP, Gallardo C, Arias M, Silva MD, Upton C, Martin R, Bishop RP. Phylogenomic analysis of 11 complete African swine fever virus genome sequences. Virology. 2010;400:128\u201336.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"1450_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.070508-0","volume":"96","author":"R Portugal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Portugal R, Coelho J, Hoper D, Little NS, Smithson C, Upton C, Martins C, Leitao A, Keil GM. Related strains of African swine fever virus with different virulence: genome comparison and analysis. J Gen Virol. 2015;96:408\u201319.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"1450_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3471","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21872-2","volume":"8","author":"FB Freitas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Freitas FB, Frouco G, Martins C, Ferreira F. African swine fever virus encodes for an E2-ubiquitin conjugating enzyme that is mono- and di-ubiquitinated and required for viral replication cycle. Sci Rep . 2018;8:3471\u20133471.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1450_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2102.140649","volume":"21","author":"A Malogolovkin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Malogolovkin A, Burmakina G, Titov IA, Sereda AD, Gogin A, Baryshnikova E, Kolbasov DV. Comparative analysis of African swine fever virus genotypes and serogroups. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21:312\u20135.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1450_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-018-1099-z","volume":"15","author":"J Farlow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Farlow J, Donduashvili M, Kokhreidze M, Kotorashvili A, Vepkhvadze N, Kotaria N, Gulbani A. Intra-epidemic genome variation in highly pathogenic African swine fever virus (ASFV) from the country of Georgia. Virol J. 2018;15:190.","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"1450_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8587","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.10.8587-8598.1999","volume":"73","author":"SB Kleiboeker","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kleiboeker SB, Scoles GA, Burrage TG, Sur J. African swine fever virus replication in the midgut epithelium is required for infection of ornithodorosticks. J Virol. 1999;73:8587\u201398.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1450_CR13","first-page":"91","volume":"74","author":"AJ Forman","year":"1982","unstructured":"Forman AJ, Wardley RC, Wilkinson PJ. The immunological response of pigs and Guinea pigs to antigens of African swine fever virus. Adv Virol. 1982;74:91\u2013100.","journal-title":"Adv Virol"},{"key":"1450_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.05.051","volume":"32","author":"S Blome","year":"2014","unstructured":"Blome S, Gabriel C, Beer M. Modern adjuvants do not enhance the efficacy of an inactivated African swine fever virus vaccine preparation. Vaccine. 2014;32:3879\u201382.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1450_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.0193","volume":"218","author":"F Ruizgonzalvo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ruizgonzalvo F, Rodriguez F, Escribano JM. Functional and immunological properties of the baculovirus-expressed hemagglutinin of African Swine fever virus. Virology. 1996;218:285\u20139.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"1450_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1998.9068","volume":"243","author":"P Gomezpuertas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gomezpuertas P, Rodriguez F, Oviedo JM, Brun A, Alonso C, Escribano JM. The African swine fever virus proteins p54 and p30 are involved in two distinct steps of virus attachment and both contribute to the antibody-mediated protective immune response. Virology. 1998;243:461\u201371.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"1450_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00395-16","volume":"23","author":"S Lokhandwala","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lokhandwala S, Waghela SD, Bray J, Martin CL, Sangewar N, Charendoff C, Shetti R, Ashley C, Chen C, Berghman L. Induction of robust immune responses in swine by using a cocktail of adenovirus-vectored African swine fever virus antigens. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2016;23:888\u2013900.","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"1450_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2017.01.004","volume":"185","author":"J Loperamadrid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Loperamadrid J, Osorio JE, He Y, Xiang Z, Adams LG, Laughlin RC, Mwangi W, Subramanya S, Neilan JG, Brake D. Safety and immunogenicity of mammalian cell derived and Modified Vaccinia Ankara vectored African swine fever subunit antigens in swine. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2017;185:20\u201333.","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"1450_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81038-0","volume":"86","author":"CAL Oura","year":"2005","unstructured":"Oura CAL, Denyer MS, Takamatsu H, Parkhouse RME. In vivo depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes abrogates protective immunity to African swine fever virus. J Gen Virol. 2005;86:2445\u201350.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"1450_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Argilaguet J, Perezmartin E, Nofrarias M, Gallardo C, Accensi F, Lacasta A, Mora M, Ballester M, Galindocardiel I, Lopezsoria S. DNA vaccination partially protects against African swine fever virus lethal challenge in the absence of antibodies. PLOS ONE 2012, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040942"},{"key":"1450_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.05.084","volume":"29","author":"J Argilaguet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Argilaguet J, Perezmartin E, Gallardo C, Salguero FJ, Borrego B, Lacasta A, Accensi F, Diaz I, Nofrarias M, Pujols J. Enhancing DNA immunization by targeting ASFV antigens to SLA-II bearing cells. Vaccine. 2011;29:5379\u201385.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1450_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13322","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01893-14","volume":"88","author":"A Lacasta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lacasta A, Ballester M, Monteagudo PL, Rodriguez JM, Salas ML, Accensi F, Pinapedrero S, Bensaid A, Argilaguet J, Lopezsoria S. Expression library immunization can confer protection against lethal challenge with african swine fever virus. J Virol. 2014;88:13322\u201332.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1450_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.052","volume":"29","author":"K King","year":"2011","unstructured":"King K, Chapman D, Argilaguet J, Fishbourne E, Hutet E, Cariolet R, Hutchings G, Oura CAL, Netherton CL, Moffat K. Protection of European domestic pigs from virulent African isolates of African swine fever virus by experimental immunisation. Vaccine. 2011;29:4593\u2013600.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1450_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80058-0","volume":"85","author":"F Boinas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boinas F, Hutchings GH, Dixon LK, Wilkinson PJ. Characterization of pathogenic and non-pathogenic African swine fever virus isolates from Ornithodoros erraticus inhabiting pig premises in Portugal. J Gen Virol. 2004;85:2177\u201387.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"1450_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6048","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00554-15","volume":"89","author":"V Odonnell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Odonnell V, Holinka LG, Gladue DP, Sanford BJ, Krug PW, Lu X, Arzt J, Reese B, Carrillo C, Risatti GR. African swine fever virus georgia isolate harboring deletions of MGF360 and MGF505 genes is attenuated in swine and confers protection against challenge with virulent parental virus. J Virol. 2015;89:6048\u201356.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1450_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.03.040","volume":"36","author":"C Gallardo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gallardo C, Sanchez EG, Pereznunez D, Nogal M, De Leon P, Carrascosa AL, Nieto R, Soler A, Arias ML, Revilla Y. African swine fever virus (ASFV) protection mediated by NH\/P68 and NH\/P68 recombinant live-attenuated viruses. Vaccine. 2018;36:2694\u2013704.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1450_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanchez EG, Quintas A, Pereznunez D, Nogal M, Barroso S, Carrascosa AL, Revilla Y. African swine fever virus uses macropinocytosis to enter host cells. PLOS Pathogens 2012, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002754"},{"key":"1450_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines5040042","volume":"5","author":"EG Sanchez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sanchez EG, Pereznunez D, Revilla Y. Mechanisms of entry and endosomal pathway of African Swine fever virus. Vaccine. 2017;5:42.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1450_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.03.002","volume":"130","author":"W Tong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tong W, Li G, Liang C, Liu F, Tian Q, Cao Y, Li L, Zheng X, Zheng H, Tong G. A live, attenuated pseudorabies virus strain JS-2012 deleted for gE\/gI protects against both classical and emerging strains. Antiviral Res. 2016;130:110\u20137.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"1450_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.04.013","volume":"483","author":"C Ye","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ye C, Zhang Q, Tian Z, Zheng H, Zhao K, Liu F, Guo J, Tong W, Jiang C, Wang S. Genomic characterization of emergent pseudorabies virus in China reveals marked sequence divergence: Evidence for the existence of two major genotypes. Virology. 2015;483:32\u201343.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"1450_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verpoest S, Cay B, Favoreel H, De Regge N. Age dependent differences in pseudorabies virus neuropathogenesis and associated cytokine expression. J Virol. 2017, 91.","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02058-16"},{"key":"1450_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laval K, Vernejoul JB, Van Cleemput J, Koyuncu OO, Enquist LW. Virulent pseudorabies virus infection induces a specific and lethal systemic inflammatory response in mice. J Virol. 2018, 92.","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01614-18"},{"key":"1450_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1911.130177","volume":"19","author":"T An","year":"2013","unstructured":"An T, Peng J, Tian Z, Zhao H, Li N, Liu Y, Chen J, Leng C, Sun Y, Chang D. Pseudorabies virus variant in Bartha-K61-Vaccinated Pigs, China, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19:1749\u201355.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1450_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-272","volume":"8","author":"L Zhu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhu L, Yi Y, Xu Z, Cheng L, Tang S, Guo W. Growth, physicochemical properties, and morphogenesis of Chinese wild-type PRV Fa and its gene-deleted mutant strain PRV SA215. Virol J. 2011;8:272\u2013272.","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"1450_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.09.004","volume":"225","author":"Y Tang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tang Y, Liu J, Wang T, An T, Sun M, Wang S, Fang Q, Hou L, Tian Z, Cai X. Live attenuated pseudorabies virus developed using the CRISPR\/Cas9 system. Virus Res. 2016;225:33\u20139.","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"1450_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.1.424-440.2004","volume":"78","author":"BG Klupp","year":"2004","unstructured":"Klupp BG, Hengartner CJ, Mettenleiter TC, Enquist LW. Complete, annotated sequence of the Pseudorabies virus genome. J Virol. 2004;78:424\u201340.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1450_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(96)05695-4","volume":"54","author":"TC Mettenleiter","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mettenleiter TC. Immunobiology of pseudorabies (Aujeszky\u2019s disease). Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1996;54:221\u20139.","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"1450_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1656(95)00129-8","volume":"44","author":"JT Van Oirschot","year":"1996","unstructured":"Van Oirschot JT, Kaashoek MJ, Rijsewijk FAM, Stegeman JA. The use of marker vaccines in eradication of herpesviruses. J Biotechnol. 1996;44:75\u201381.","journal-title":"J Biotechnol"},{"key":"1450_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.104652","volume":"173","author":"W Tong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tong W, Zheng H, Li G, Gao F, Shan T, Zhou Y, Yu H, Jiang Y, Yu L, Li L. Recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing E2 of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) protects against both virulent pseudorabies virus and CSFV. Antiviral Res. 2020;173:104652.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"1450_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-307","volume":"8","author":"Y Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen Y, Guo W, Xu Z, Yan Q, Luo Y, Shi Q, Chen D, Zhu L, Wang X. A novel recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing parvovirus VP2 gene: Immunogenicity and protective efficacy in swine. Virol J. 2011;8:307\u2013307.","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"1450_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2010.09.001","volume":"91","author":"K Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang K, Huang J, Wang Q, He Y, Xu Z, Xiang M, Wu B, Chen H. Recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing P12A and 3C of FMDV can partially protect piglets against FMDV challenge. Res Vet Sci. 2011;91:90\u20134.","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"1450_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3294","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01994-10","volume":"85","author":"L Goatley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goatley L, Dixon LK. Processing and Localization of the African Swine Fever Virus CD2v Transmembrane Protein. J Virol. 2011;85:3294\u2013305.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1450_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.4.2881-2889.1998","volume":"72","author":"MV Borca","year":"1998","unstructured":"Borca MV, Carrillo C, Zsak L, Laegreid WW, Kutish GF, Neilan JG, Burrage TG, Rock DL. Deletion of a CD2-like gene, 8-DR, from African swine fever virus affects viral infection in domestic swine. J Virol. 1998;72:2881\u20139.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1450_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.02.005","volume":"98","author":"J Argilaguet","year":"2013","unstructured":"Argilaguet J, Perezmartin E, Lopez S, Goethe M, Escribano JM, Giesow K, Keil GM, Rodriguez F. BacMam immunization partially protects pigs against sublethal challenge with African swine fever virus. Antiviral Res. 2013;98:61\u20135.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"1450_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen W, Zhao D, He X, Liu R, Wang Z, Zhang X, Li F, Shan D, Chen H, Zhang J. A seven-gene-deleted African swine fever virus is safe and effective as a live attenuated vaccine in pigs. Sci China Life Sci. 2020:1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-020-1657-9"},{"key":"1450_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1278-0","volume":"570","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Sharma J, Ke Q, Landman R, Yuan J, Chen H, Hayden DS, Fisher JW, Jiang M, Menegas W. Atypical behaviour and connectivity in SHANK3 -mutant macaques. Nature. 2019;570:326\u201331.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1450_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19626-1","volume":"8","author":"A Hubner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hubner A, Petersen B, Keil GM, Niemann H, Mettenleiter TC, Fuchs W. Efficient inhibition of African swine fever virus replication by CRISPR\/Cas9 targeting of the viral p30 gene (CP204L). Sci Rep. 2018;8:1449\u20131449.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1450_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1231143","volume":"339","author":"L Cong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cong L, Ran FA, Cox DD, Lin S, Barretto RPJ, Habib N, Hsu P, Wu X, Jiang W, Marraffini LA. Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR\/Cas systems. Science. 2013;339:819\u201323.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1450_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.07.040","volume":"393","author":"RJ Rowlands","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rowlands RJ, Duarte MM, Boinas F, Hutchings G, Dixon LK. The CD2v protein enhances African swine fever virus replication in the tick vector Ornithodoros erraticus. Virology. 2009;393:319\u201328.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"1450_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1377404","volume":"256","author":"WC Hahn","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hahn WC, Menu E, Bothwell ALM, Sims PJ, Bierer BE. Overlapping but nonidentical binding sites on CD2 for CD58 and a second ligand CD59. Science. 1992;256:1805\u20137.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1450_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0320(19970101)27:1<71::AID-CYTO9>3.0.CO;2-O","volume":"27","author":"A Caruso","year":"1997","unstructured":"Caruso A, Licenziati S, Corulli M, Canaris AD, De Francesco MA, Fiorentini S, Peroni L, Fallacara F, Dima F, Balsari A. Flow cytometric analysis of activation markers on stimulated T cells and their correlation with cell proliferation. Cytometry. 1997;27:71\u20136.","journal-title":"Cytometry"},{"key":"1450_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)00044-9","volume":"16","author":"ATJ Bianchi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bianchi ATJ, Moonenleusen HW, Van Milligen F, Savelkoul HFJ, Zwart RJ, Kimman TG. A mouse model to study immunity against pseudorabies virus infection: significance of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in protective immunity. Vaccine. 1998;16:1550\u20138.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1450_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.11.011","volume":"319","author":"JG Neilan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Neilan JG, Zsak L, Lu Z, Burrage TG, Kutish GF, Rock DL. Neutralizing antibodies to African swine fever virus proteins p30, p54, and p72 are not sufficient for antibody-mediated protection. Virology. 2004;319:337\u201342.","journal-title":"Virology"}],"container-title":["Virology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12985-020-01450-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12985-020-01450-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12985-020-01450-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T08:52:06Z","timestamp":1605516726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/virologyj.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12985-020-01450-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1450"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12985-020-01450-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-422X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-422X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The animal experiments were performed under the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals approved by Fujian Provincial Office for Managing Laboratory Animals and were overseen by the Fujian Normal University Animal Care and Use Committee (SYXK: 2015-0004).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"180"}}