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ART has a considerable impact on viral replication and host immunity. The production of type I interferon (IFN) is key to the innate immune response to viral infections. The STING and cGAS proteins have proven roles in the antiviral cascade. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of ART on innate immunity, which was represented by STING and cGAS gene expression and plasma IFN-\u03b1 level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cohort study evaluated a group of 33 individuals who were initially na\u00efve to therapy and who were treated at a reference center and reassessed 12\u00a0months after starting ART. Gene expression levels and viral load were evaluated by real-time PCR, CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      and CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T lymphocyte counts by flow cytometry, and IFN-\u03b1 level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From before to after ART, the CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cell count and the CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ratio significantly increased (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), the CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cell count slightly decreased, and viral load decreased to undetectable levels in most of the group (84.85%). The expression of\n                      <jats:italic>STING<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>cGAS<\/jats:italic>\n                      significantly decreased (p\u2009=\u20090.0034 and p\u2009=\u20090.0001, respectively) after the use of ART, but IFN-\u03b1 did not (p\u2009=\u20090.1558). Among the markers evaluated, the only markers that showed a correlation with each other were\n                      <jats:italic>STING<\/jats:italic>\n                      and CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T at the time of the first collection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ART provided immune recovery and viral suppression to the studied group and indirectly downregulated the\n                      <jats:italic>STING<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>cGAS<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes. In contrast, ART did not influence IFN-\u03b1. The expression of\n                      <jats:italic>STING<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>cGAS<\/jats:italic>\n                      was not correlated with the plasma level of IFN-\u03b1, which suggests that there is another pathway regulating this cytokine in addition to the STING\u2013cGAS pathway.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-021-01548-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T08:04:26Z","timestamp":1618473866000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["STING and cGAS gene expressions were downregulated among HIV-1-infected persons after antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Lorena Leticia Peixoto","family":"de Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allysson Quintino Ten\u00f3rio","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuane Carolina Ferreira","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ednelza","family":"da Silva Gra\u00e7a Amoras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra Souza","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea Nazar\u00e9 Monteiro Rangel","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Alice Freitas","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izaura Maria Vieira","family":"Cayres-Vallinoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Ishak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1135-6507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Carlos Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Vallinoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"1548_CR1","unstructured":"Programa das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas sobre HIV\/AIDS. 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