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Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing on self-collected samples may offer improved screening uptake. The objectives of the study were to compare the positivity of high-risk (hr)-HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and hrHPV viral messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) between healthcare worker-collected cervical and self-collected vaginal samples and investigate the accuracy of the applicator-tampon-based self-collected samples in detecting hrHPV DNA and hrHPV mRNA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 527 women aged 18\u00a0years and older and seeking gynecology services at a tertiary hospital in Pretoria, South Africa, were enrolled. Vaginal samples were self-collected using SelfCerv applicator tampon, followed by cervical samples collected by a healthcare worker using a Cervex Brush\u00ae Combi. Both samples were tested with the Abbott m2000 analyzer for 14-hrHPV types and 285 paired samples were tested for hrHPV E6\/E7 mRNA using the Aptima HR-HPV mRNA assay. The prevalence of hrHPV DNA and hrHPV E6\/E7 mRNA was estimated and the positivity between the two collection methods was compared for the total group as well as per age group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>HrHPV prevalence was 48.0% (95% CI 43.7\u201352.4) among healthcare worker collected samples and 47.6% (95% CI 43.3\u201352.0) among self-collected samples. There was no difference in positivity between healthcare worker collection (48.0%) and applicator-tampon-based self-collection, 47.6% (p-value\u2009=\u20090.90). The proportions of hrHPV were equal between the age groups as shown by the McNemar test (p\u2009=\u20090.9036) results for correlated proportions. The prevalence of hrHPV mRNA was 78.6% (95% CI 73.4\u201383.2) and 58.6% (95% CI 52.6\u201364.4) for healthcare worker- and self-collection, respectively. The McNemar test for correlated proportions was highly significant (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), indicating that the hrHPV mRNA proportions are not comparable, although this differed between age groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Applicator-tampon-based self-collection has a comparable hrHPV DNA positivity rate as healthcare worker collection but different positivity rates for hrHPV mRNA. Self-sampling showed high concordance with healthcare worker-collected sampling for hrHPV DNA detection, especially regarding HPV 16\/18 detection. HrHPV DNA was equally detected between the total group as well as per age group. Implementation of self-sampling using an applicator tampon as a primary screening tool may be considered.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-021-01662-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T23:05:23Z","timestamp":1632438323000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["High-risk human papillomavirus detection in self-collected vaginal samples compared with healthcare worker collected cervical samples among women attending gynecology clinics at a tertiary hospital in Pretoria, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Teboho Amelia","family":"Tiiti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tebogo Loraine","family":"Mashishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Varsetile Varster","family":"Nkwinika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Benoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selokela Gloria","family":"Selabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Bogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9365-514X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramokone Lisbeth","family":"Lebelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1662_CR1","unstructured":"Bruni L, Albero G, Serrano B, Mena M, G\u00f3mez D, Mu\u00f1oz J, Bosch FX, de Sanjos\u00e9 S. 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