{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T17:18:01Z","timestamp":1793812681054,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010248","name":"zhejiang province public welfare technology application research project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LGC19H200006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGC19H200006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010248","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"national natural science foundation of china","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81471480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81471480"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virol J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the leading pathogens causing acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children under five years old. We aimed to investigate the distribution of HRSV subtypes and explore the relationship between viral subtypes and clinical symptoms and disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From November 2016 to April 2017, 541 children hospitalized because of ARI were included in the study. Throat swabs were collected for analysis and all samples were tested by multiplex one-step qRT-PCR for quantitative analysis and typing of HRSV. Patients\u2019 demographics, clinical symptoms as well as laboratory and imaging results were retrieved from medical records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HRSV was detected in 19.6% of children hospitalized due to ARI. HRSV-positive children were younger (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), had a higher frequency of wheezing and pulmonary rales (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003), and were more likely to develop bronchopneumonia (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Interleukin (IL) 10\u3001CD4\/CD8 (below normal range) and C-reactive protein levels between subtypes A and B groups were significantly different (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.029;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007), and gender differences were evident. By age-stratified analysis between subtypes A and B, we found significant differences in fever frequency and lymphocyte ratio (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) in the 6\u201312\u00a0months age group, while the 12. 1\u201336\u00a0months age group showed significant differences in fever days and count of leukocytes, platelets, levels aspartate aminotransferase, IL-6, lactate dehydrogenase and proportion CD4 positive T cells(\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.049;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.025;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04). We also found a positive correlation between viral load and wheezing days in subtype A (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and a negative correlation between age, monocyte percentage and LDH concentration in subtype B (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HRSV is the main causative virus of bronchopneumonia in infants and children. The multiplex one-step qRT-PCR not only provides a rapid and effective diagnosis of HRSV infection, but also allows its typing. There were no significant differences in the severity of HRSV infection between subtypes A and B, except significant gender-specific and age-specific differences in some clinical characteristics and laboratory results. Knowing the viral load of HRSV infection can help understanding the clinical features of different subtypes of HRSV infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-022-01744-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T07:03:39Z","timestamp":1642748619000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Rapid typing diagnosis and clinical analysis of subtypes A and B of human respiratory syncytial virus in children"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Zheng","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huamei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3181-810X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lizhong","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"1744_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0142192","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142192","volume":"10","author":"R Malasao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Malasao R, Okamoto M, Chaimongkol N, Imamura T, Tohma K, Dapat I, et al. Molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus in the Philippines, 2012\u20132013. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(11):e0142192.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1744_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.04.025","volume":"33","author":"G Cui","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cui G, Zhu R, Deng J, Zhao LQ, Sun Y, Wang F, et al. Rapid replacement of prevailing genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus by genotype ON1 in Beijing, 2012\u20132014. Infect Genet Evol. 2015;33:163\u20138.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"9725","key":"1744_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60206-1","volume":"375","author":"H Nair","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nair H, Nokes DJ, Gessner BD, Dherani M, Madhi SA, Singleton RJ, et al. Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010;375(9725):1545\u201355.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1744_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.06.020","volume":"62","author":"RM Wong-Chew","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wong-Chew RM, Garc\u00eda-Le\u00f3n ML, Noyola DE, Gonzalez LFP, Meza JG, Vilase\u00f1or-Sierra A, et al. Respiratory virus detected in Mexican children younger than 5 years old with community-acquired pneumonia: a national multicenter study. Int J Infect Dis. 2017;62:32\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"1744_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu327","volume":"210","author":"AS Monto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Monto AS, Malosh RE, Petrie JG, Thompson MG, Ohmit SE. Frequency of acute respiratory illnesses and circulation of respiratory viruses in households with children over 3 surveillance seasons. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(11):1792\u20139.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"1744_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31829b7e43","volume":"32","author":"EK Miller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miller EK, Gebretsadik T, Carroll KN, Dupont WD, Mohamed YA, Morin LL, et al. Viral etiologies of infant bronchiolitis, croup and upper respiratory illness during 4 consecutive years. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013;32(9):950\u20135.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1744_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw475","volume":"215","author":"T Heikkinen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heikkinen T, Ojala E, Waris M. Clinical and socioeconomic burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children. J Infect Dis. 2017;215(1):17\u201323.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1744_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix599","volume":"217","author":"M Sarna","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sarna M, Ware RS, Lambert SB, Sloots TP, Nissen MD, Grimwood K. Timing of first respiratory virus detections in infants: a community-based birth cohort study. J Infect Dis. 2018;217(3):418\u201327.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1744_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.72.1.16","volume":"72","author":"S Young","year":"1995","unstructured":"Young S, O\u2019Keeffe PT, Arnott J, Landau LI. Lung function, airway responsiveness, and respiratory symptoms before and after bronchiolitis. Arch Dis Childhood. 1995;72(1):16\u201324.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Childhood"},{"issue":"1","key":"1744_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.165","volume":"74","author":"FEA Moura","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moura FEA, Nunes IFS, Silva GB, Siqueira MM. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in northeastern Brazil: seasonal trends and general aspects. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;74(1):165\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1744_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811000252","volume":"140","author":"EL Murray","year":"2012","unstructured":"Murray EL, Klein M, Brondi L, McGowan JE, Van Mels C, Brooks WA, et al. Rainfall, household crowding, and acute respiratory infections in the tropics. Epidemiol Infect. 2012;140(1):78\u201386.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"10098","key":"1744_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30938-8","volume":"390","author":"T Shi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shi T, McAlister DA, O\u2019Brien KL, Simoes EA, Madhi SA, Gessner BD, et al. Global, regional and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study. Lancet. 2017;390(10098):946\u201358.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"1744_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy256","volume":"218","author":"M Okamoto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Okamoto M, Dapat CP, Sandagon AMD, Batangan-Nacion LP, Lirio IC, Tamaki R, et al. Molecular characterization of respiratory syncytial virus in children with repeated infections with subgroup B in the Philippines. J Infect Dis. 2018;218(7):1045\u201353.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"15","key":"1744_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7500","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00345-10","volume":"84","author":"A Trento","year":"2010","unstructured":"Trento A, Casas I, Calderon A, Garcia-Garcia ML, Calvo C, Perez-Bre\u00f1a P, et al. Ten years of global evolution of the human respiratory syncytial virus BA genotype with a 60-nucleotide duplication in the G protein gene. J Virol. 2010;84(15):7500\u201312.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1744_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(200004)60:4<468::AID-JMV16>3.0.CO;2-E","volume":"60","author":"C Palomo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Palomo C, Cane PA, Melero PA. Evaluation of antibody specificities of human convalescent-phase sera against the attachment (G) protein of human respiratory syncytial virus: influence of strain variation and carbohydrate side chains. J Med Virol. 2000;60(4):468\u201374.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1744_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/151.4.626","volume":"151","author":"LJ Anderson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Anderson LJ, Heirholzer JC, Tsou C, Hendry RM, Fernie BN, Stone Y, et al. Antigenic characteristic of respiratory syncytial virus strains with monoclonal antibodies. J Infect Dis. 1985;151(4):626\u201333.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1744_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2006.131438","volume":"20","author":"CN Agoti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Agoti CN, Otieno JR, Gitahi CW, Cane PA, Nokes DJ. Rapid spread and diversification of respiratory syncytial virus genotype ON1. Kenya Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(6):950\u20139.","journal-title":"Kenya Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1744_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1086\/315508","volume":"181","author":"TC Peret","year":"2000","unstructured":"Peret TC, Hall CB, Hammond GW, Piedra PA, Storch GA, Sullender WM, et al. Circulation patterns of group A and B human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes in 5 communities in North America. J Infect Dis. 2000;181(6):1891\u20136.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1744_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix543","volume":"217","author":"R Rodriguez-Fernandez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Fernandez R, Tapia LI, Yang CF, Torres JP, Chavez-Bueno S, Garcia C, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus genotypes, host immune profiles, and disease severity in young children hospitalized with bronchiolitis. J Infect Dis. 2017;217(1):24\u201334.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"1744_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy025","volume":"217","author":"A Comas-Garc\u00eda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Comas-Garc\u00eda A, Noyola DE, Cadena-Mota S, RicoHern\u00e1ndez M, Bernal-Silva S. Respiratory syncytial virus-A ON1 genotype emergence in central Mexico in 2009 and evidence of multiple duplication events. J Infect Dis. 2018;217(7):1089\u201398.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"1744_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001596","volume":"36","author":"FR Laham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Laham FR, Mansbach JM, Piedra PA, Hasegawa K, Sullivan AF, Espinola JA, et al. Clinical profiles of respiratory syncytial virus subtypes A and B among children hospitalized with bronchiolitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017;36(8):808\u201310.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1744_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18030654","volume":"18","author":"Y Espinosa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Espinosa Y, San Mart\u00edn C, Torres AA, Farf\u00e1n MJ, Torres JP, Avadhanula V, et al. Genomic loads and genotypes of respiratory syncytial virus: viral factors during lower respiratory tract infection in Chilean hospitalized infants. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(3):654.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1744_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.6.1283","volume":"162","author":"CB Hall","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hall CB, Walsh EE, Schnabel KC, Long CE, McConnochie KM, Hildreth SW, et al. Occurrence of groups A and B of respiratory syncytial virus over 15 years: associated epidemiologic and clinical characteristics in hospitalized and ambulatory children. J Infect Dis. 1990;162(6):1283\u201390.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"1744_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e437","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182a14407","volume":"32","author":"CM Tabarani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tabarani CM, Bonville CA, Suryadevara M, Branigan P, Wang DL, Huang DN, et al. Novel inflammatory markers, clinical risk factors and virus type associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013;32(12):e437\u201342.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1744_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318282603a","volume":"32","author":"HS Jafri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jafri HS, Wu X, Makari D, Henrickson KJ. Distribution of respiratory syncytial virus subtypes A and B among infants presenting to the emergency department with lower respiratory tract infection or apnea. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013;32(4):335\u201340.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"6","key":"1744_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-012-1267-1","volume":"157","author":"YH Baek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baek YH, Choi EH, Song MS, Pascua PNQ, Kwon HI, Park SJ, et al. Prevalence and genetic characterization of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in hospitalized children in Korea. Arch Virol. 2012;157(6):1039\u201350.","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1744_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1086\/498526","volume":"193","author":"R Gilca","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gilca R, De Serres G, Tremblay M, Vachon ML, Leblanc E, Bergeron MG, et al. Distribution and clinical impact of human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes in hospitalized children over 2 winter seasons. J Infect Dis. 2006;193(1):54\u20138.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1744_CR28","first-page":"433","volume":"43","author":"C G\u00f6kalp","year":"2009","unstructured":"G\u00f6kalp C, G\u00f6kahmetoglu S, Deniz ES, G\u00fcnes T. Investigation of respiratory syn-cytial virus by three different methods in children with lower respiratory tractinfection. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2009;43(3):433\u20138.","journal-title":"Mikrobiyol Bul"},{"issue":"3","key":"1744_CR29","first-page":"429","volume":"42","author":"H Y\u00fcksel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Y\u00fcksel H, Yilmaz O, Akcali S, S\u00f6g\u00fct A, Yilmaz Ciftdogan D, Urk V, et al. Commonviral etiologies of community acquired lower respiratory tract infections inyoung children and their relationship with long term complications. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2008;42(3):429\u201335.","journal-title":"Mikrobiyol Bul"},{"issue":"2","key":"1744_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32056","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032056","volume":"7","author":"N Homaira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Homaira N, Luby SP, Petri WA, Vainionpaa R, Rahman M, Hossain K, et al. Inci-dence of respiratory virus-associated pneumonia in urban poor young children of Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2009\u20132011. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(2):e32056.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"1744_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/153.2.291","volume":"153","author":"RM Hendry","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hendry RM, Talis AL, Godfrey E, Anderson LJ, Fernie BF, McIntosh K. Concurrent circulation of antigenically distinct strains of respiratory syncytial virus during community outbreaks. J Infect Dis. 1986;153(2):291\u20137.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8670","key":"1744_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)91048-9","volume":"2","author":"JC Russi","year":"1989","unstructured":"Russi JC, Chiparelli H, Montano A, Etorena P, Hortal M. Respiratory syncytial virus subgroups and pneumonia in children. Lancet. 1989;2(8670):1039\u201340.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"1744_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1086\/513976","volume":"175","author":"EE Walsh","year":"1997","unstructured":"Walsh EE, McConnochie KM, Long CE, Hall CB. Severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection is related to virus strain. J Infect Dis. 1997;175(4):814\u201320.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1744_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.110531","volume":"137","author":"TG Boyce","year":"2000","unstructured":"Boyce TG, Mellen BG, Mitchel EF, Wright PF, Griffin MR. Rates of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection among children in medicaid. J Pediatr. 2000;137(6):865\u201370.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"15","key":"1744_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.15.1440","volume":"282","author":"DK Shay","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shay DK, Holman RC, Newman RD, Liu LL, Stout JW, Anderson LJ. Bronchiolitis associated hospitalizations among US children, 1980\u20131996. J Am Med Assoc. 1999;282(15):1440\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"1744_CR36","unstructured":"Manjarrez-Zavala ME, Rosete-Olvera DP, Guti\u00b4errez-Gonz\u00b4alez LH, Ocadiz-Delgado R, Cabello-Gutierrez C. Pathogenesis of viral respiratory infection.In: Vats M, editor. Respiratory disease and infection. A new insight. London: IntechOpen; 2013."},{"issue":"2","key":"1744_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00188210","volume":"39","author":"F Midulla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Midulla F, Pierangeli A, Cangiano G, Bonci E, Salvadei S, Scagnolari C, et al. Rhinovirus bronchiolitis and recurrent wheezing: 1-year follow-up. Eur RespirJ. 2012;39(2):396\u2013402.","journal-title":"Eur RespirJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"1744_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2012.01283.x","volume":"23","author":"IB Mikalsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mikalsen IB, Halvorsen T, \u00d8ymar K. The outcome after severe bronchiolitis isrelated to gender and virus. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2012;23(4):391\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1744_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31818ee0c1","volume":"28","author":"T Jartti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jartti T, Lehtinen P, Vuorinen T, Ruuskanen O. Bronchiolitis: age and previ-ous wheezing episodes are linked to viral etiology and atopic characteristics. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28(4):311\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"24","key":"1744_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1301839","volume":"368","author":"HO Skjerven","year":"2013","unstructured":"Skjerven HO, Hunderi JO, Br\u00fcgmann-Pieper SK, Brun AC, Engen H, Eskedal L, et al. Racemic adrenaline and inhalation strategies in acute bronchiolitis. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(24):2286\u201393.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1744_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1086\/513976","volume":"175","author":"EE Walsh","year":"1997","unstructured":"Walsh EE, McConnochie KM, Long CE, Hall CB. Severity of respiratory syncytial virus infections is related to virus strain. J Infect Dis. 1997;175(4):814\u201320.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"1744_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081717","volume":"18","author":"S Vandini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vandini S, Biagi C, Lanari M. Respiratory syncytial virus: the influence of serotype and genotype variability on clinical course of infection. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(8):1717.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1744_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2006.02.015","volume":"152","author":"SG Lakoski","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lakoski SG, Cushman M, Criqui M, Rundek T, Blumenthal RS, D\u2019Agostino RB Jr, et al. Gender and C-reactive protein: data from the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort. Am Heart J. 2006;152(3):593\u20138.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"6","key":"1744_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520701885507","volume":"43","author":"A Tedde","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tedde A, Putignano AL, Bagnoli S, Congregati C, Milla M, Sorbi S, et al. Interleukin-10 promoter polymorphisms influence susceptibility to ulcerative colitis in a gender-specific manner. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008;43(6):712\u20138.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1744_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300060520913149","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520913149","volume":"48","author":"D Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu D, Wu YY, Gao C, Qin Y, Zhao XC, Liang XJ, et al. Characteristics of and reference ranges for peripheral blood lymphocytes and CD41 T cell subsets in healthy adults in Shanxi Province, North China. J Int Med Res. 2020;48(7):300060520913149.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"}],"container-title":["Virology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12985-022-01744-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12985-022-01744-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12985-022-01744-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T06:06:15Z","timestamp":1666677975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/virologyj.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12985-022-01744-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12985-022-01744-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-422X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-422X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 January 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of the Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (2021-IRB-011) and informed consent was obtained from all parents and\/or legal guardian of participating children. The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"15"}}