{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:25:24Z","timestamp":1790022324432,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sichuan medical association wound disease special scientific research project","award":["2021TG33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021TG33"]}]},{"name":"Chengdu Science and Technology bureau: technology innovation research and development project","award":["2021-YF05-00648-SN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-YF05-00648-SN"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virol J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distributions of vaginal microbiome dysbiosis and human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes in infertile women and explore the correlations of HPV infection and vaginal microbiome dysbiosis with infertility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 1464 women aged 18\u201350\u00a0years were included in this study; 649 participants were included in the infertility group, and 815 participants were included in the normal group. The participants were tested for HPV, and their vaginal microecology was examined. The \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      test and Spearman regression were used for statistical analysis, and binary logistic regression was performed to identify the risk factors for infertility.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patients in the infertility group were younger than those in the normal group, and the proportions of bacterial vaginosis and vaginal imbalance in the infertility group were significantly higher than those in the normal group. The incidence proportions of high-risk HPV types in the infertility group were significantly higher than those in the normal group, and the proportions of high-risk subtytes HPV16, HPV39, HV52, HPV56, and HPV68 were significantly higher in the infertility group than in the normal group. However, there were no significant differences in the incidences of low-risk HPV types. The incidence proportions of vaginal flora imbalance and HPV infection in the infertility group were significantly higher than those in the normal group. HPV16, HPV33, HPV51, HPV52and HPV58 infections were independent risk factors for infertility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vaginal microecological imbalance and HPV infection are directly related to infertility, and precautions should be taken.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-022-01869-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T08:03:18Z","timestamp":1661414598000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["HPV and vaginal microecological disorders in infertile women: a cross-sectional study in the Chinese population"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyao","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongzhou","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengjun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"1869_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2014.959497","volume":"12","author":"EJ Ryndock","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ryndock EJ, Meyers C. A risk for non-sexual transmission of human papillomavirus? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2014;12(10):1165\u201370.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"1869_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000193","volume":"41","author":"HW Chesson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chesson HW, Dunne EF, Hariri S, Markowitz LE. The estimated lifetime probability of acquiring human papillomavirus in the United States. Sex Transm Dis. 2014;41(11):660\u20134.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"1869_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa557","volume":"223","author":"P Paul","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paul P, Hammer A, Rositch AF, Burke AE, Viscidi RP, Silver MI, et al. Rates of new human papillomavirus detection and loss of detection in middle-aged women by recent and past sexual behavior. J Infect Dis. 2021;223(8):1423\u201332.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1869_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2004.10.005","volume":"52","author":"AB Moscicki","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moscicki AB. Human papilloma virus, papanicolaou smears, and the college female. Pediatr Clin N Am. 2005;52(1):163\u201377.","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin N Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"1869_CR5","first-page":"492","volume":"24","author":"ACX Goulart","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goulart ACX, Farnezi HCM, Franca J, Santos AD, Ramos MG, Penna MLF. HIV, HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis: impacts on male fertility. JBRA Assist Reprod. 2020;24(4):492\u20137.","journal-title":"JBRA Assist Reprod"},{"key":"1869_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plummer M, Schiffman M, Castle PE, Maucort-Boulch D, Wheeler CM, Group A. A 2-year prospective study of human papillomavirus persistence among women with a cytological diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. J Infect Dis. 2007;195(11):1582\u20139.","DOI":"10.1086\/516784"},{"issue":"21","key":"1869_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8569","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-0621","volume":"70","author":"H Trottier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Trottier H, Ferreira S, Thomann P, Costa MC, Sobrinho JS, Prado JC, et al. Human papillomavirus infection and reinfection in adult women: the role of sexual activity and natural immunity. Cancer Res. 2010;70(21):8569\u201377.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"1869_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4168","volume":"344","author":"P Oakeshott","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oakeshott P, Aghaizu A, Reid F, Howell-Jones R, Hay PE, Sadiq ST, et al. Frequency and risk factors for prevalent, incident, and persistent genital carcinogenic human papillomavirus infection in sexually active women: community based cohort study. BMJ. 2012;344: e4168.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1869_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2020.10.034","volume":"497","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yuan Y, Cai X, Shen F, Ma F. HPV post-infection microenvironment and cervical cancer. Cancer Lett. 2021;497:243\u201354.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"1869_CR10","first-page":"3086036","volume":"66","author":"LMBU Ambuhl","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ambuhl LMBU, Dybkaer K, Blaakaer J, Uldbjerg N, Sorensen S. Human papillomavirus infection as a possible cause of spontaneous abortion and spontaneous preterm delivery. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2016;66:3086036.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1869_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126936","volume":"10","author":"T Souho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Souho T, Benlemlih M, Bennani B. Human papillomavirus infection and fertility alteration: a systematic review. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(5): e0126936.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1869_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/578423","volume":"2015","author":"N Pereira","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pereira N, Kucharczyk KM, Estes JL, Gerber RS, Lekovich JP, Elias RT, et al. Human papillomavirus infection, infertility, and assisted reproductive outcomes. J Pathog. 2015;2015: 578423.","journal-title":"J Pathog"},{"key":"1869_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garolla A, Engl B, Pizzol D, Ghezzi M, Bertoldo A, Bottacin A, et al. Spontaneous fertility and in vitro fertilization outcome: new evidence of human papillomavirus sperm infection. Fertil Steril. 2016;105(1):65\u201372e61.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.09.018"},{"key":"1869_CR14","volume":"2014","author":"S Gizzo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gizzo S, Ferrari B, Noventa M, Ferrari E, Patrelli TS, Gangemi M, et al. Male and couple fertility impairment due to HPV-DNA sperm infection: update on molecular mechanism and clinical impact\u2013systematic review. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014: 230263.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"1869_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001356","volume":"9","author":"MN Mascarenhas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mascarenhas MN, Flaxman SR, Boerma T, Vanderpoel S, Stevens GA. National, regional, and global trends in infertility prevalence since 1990: a systematic analysis of 277 health surveys. PLoS Med. 2012;9(12): e1001356.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1869_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.11.047","volume":"95","author":"A Perino","year":"2011","unstructured":"Perino A, Giovannelli L, Schillaci R, Ruvolo G, Fiorentino FP, Alimondi P, et al. Human papillomavirus infection in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization procedures: impact on reproductive outcomes. Fertil Steril. 2011;95(5):1845\u20138.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"1869_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-016-0203-0","volume":"4","author":"A Mitra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mitra A, MacIntyre DA, Marchesi JR, Lee YS, Bennett PR, Kyrgiou M. The vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: What do we know and where are we going next? Microbiome. 2016;4(1):66.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1869_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4680","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002611107","volume":"108","author":"J Ravel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ravel J, Gajer P, Abdo Z, Schneider GM, Koenig SS, McCulle SL, et al. Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108(Suppl 1):4680\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"1869_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2017.1306688","volume":"44","author":"S Kovachev","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kovachev S. Defence factors of vaginal lactobacilli. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2018;44(1):31\u20139.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1869_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.02.027","volume":"150","author":"Q Dai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dai Q, Hu L, Jiang Y, Shi H, Liu J, Zhou W, et al. An epidemiological survey of bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis and trichomoniasis in the Tibetan area of Sichuan Province, China. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2010;150(2):207\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"1869_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000076","volume":"19","author":"ZZW Hu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hu ZZW, Mu L, et al. Identification of cytolytic vaginosis versus vulvovaginal candidiasis. J Low Genit Tract D. 2015;19:152\u20135.","journal-title":"J Low Genit Tract D"},{"issue":"3","key":"1869_CR22","first-page":"342","volume":"9","author":"BZWY Zhu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhu BZWY, Xiang ZR. Vaginal cleanliness judgment standard of confusion and advice. Lab Med Clin. 2012;9(3):342\u20133.","journal-title":"Lab Med Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"1869_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.434","volume":"4","author":"ZMRD El Sayed","year":"2010","unstructured":"El Sayed ZMRD, El Emshaty W, et al. Correlation of Trichomonas vaginalis to bacterial vaginosis: a laboratory-based study. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2010;4(3):156\u201363.","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"issue":"8","key":"1869_CR24","first-page":"821","volume":"14","author":"SRZH Fan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fan SRZH. 2010 United States Centers for Disease Control vaginitis treatment guidelines. J Chin General Pract. 2011;14(8):821\u20132.","journal-title":"J Chin General Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"1869_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)30316-9","volume":"37","author":"JYM Van Schalkwyk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van Schalkwyk JYM, Yudin MH, et al. Vulvovaginitis: screening for and management of trichomoniasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis. J Obstet Gynaecol Cancer. 2015;37(3):266\u201376.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Cancer"},{"key":"1869_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5338","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.909051","volume":"24","author":"F Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu F, Tang YT, Hu ZQ, Lin XN. Analysis of the vaginal microecological status and genital tract infection characteristics of 751 pregnant women. Med Sci Monit. 2018;24:5338\u201345.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"1869_CR27","unstructured":"Group: CMAOaGBIDC. Expert consensus on clinical application of vaginal microecosystem assessment. Chin J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;51(10):721\u201323."},{"issue":"5","key":"1869_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.07.046","volume":"23","author":"SR Pagliusi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pagliusi SR, Teresa AM. Efficacy and other milestones for human papillomavirus vaccine introduction. Vaccine. 2004;23(5):569\u201378.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1869_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.012","volume":"62","author":"M Vander Borght","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vander Borght M, Wyns C. Fertility and infertility: definition and epidemiology. Clin Biochem. 2018;62:2\u201310.","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1869_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.33314\/jnhrc.v17i01.1827","volume":"17","author":"SR Tamrakar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tamrakar SR, Bastakoti R. Determinants of infertility in couples. J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2019;17(1):85\u20139.","journal-title":"J Nepal Health Res Counc"},{"key":"1869_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Infertility Workup for the Women's Health Specialist: ACOG Committee Opinion, Number 781. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;133(6):e377\u201384.","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003271"},{"issue":"2","key":"1869_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2019.10.019","volume":"40","author":"S Yuan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuan S, Qiu Y, Xu Y, Wang H. Human papillomavirus infection and female infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online. 2020;40(2):229\u201337.","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"issue":"5","key":"1869_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6155","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2021308","volume":"18","author":"VV Akimenko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akimenko VV, Adi-Kusumo F. Stability analysis of an age-structured model of cervical cancer cells and HPV dynamics. Math Biosci Eng. 2021;18(5):6155\u201377.","journal-title":"Math Biosci Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"1869_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-021-01551-x","volume":"18","author":"H Jaworek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jaworek H, Koudelakova V, Oborna I, Zborilova B, Brezinova J, Ruzickova D, et al. Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus in Czech non-vaccinated heterosexual couples. Virol J. 2021;18(1):80.","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"issue":"12","key":"1869_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2017.08.008","volume":"23","author":"H Kiseki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kiseki H, Tsukahara Y, Tajima N, Tanaka A, Horimoto A, Hashimura N. Influence of co-infection complicated with human papillomavirus on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia development in patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. J Infect Chemother. 2017;23(12):814\u20139.","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"12","key":"1869_CR36","first-page":"853","volume":"61","author":"TAPI Lisyana","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lisyana TAPI, Katzalap ON, et al. The micro-ecology of genital tracts in women with infertility of chlamydia nature. Klin Lab Diagn. 2016;61(12):853\u20137.","journal-title":"Klin Lab Diagn"},{"issue":"1","key":"1869_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.08.008","volume":"216","author":"DG Tsevat","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsevat DG, Wiesenfeld HC, Parks C, Peipert JF. Sexually transmitted diseases and infertility. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(1):1\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1869_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.10.019","volume":"224","author":"J Ravel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ravel J, Moreno I, Simon C. Bacterial vaginosis and its association with infertility, endometritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;224(3):251\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1869_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem404","volume":"23","author":"LM Gomez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gomez LM, Ma Y, Ho C, McGrath CM, Nelson DB, Parry S. Placental infection with human papillomavirus is associated with spontaneous preterm delivery. Hum Reprod. 2008;23(3):709\u201315.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1869_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-12-4","author":"MAA Noventa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Noventa MAA, Gizzo S, et al. 2014 Is it time to shift the attention on early stages embryo development to avoid inconclusive evidence on HPV-related infertility: debate and proposal. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1477-7827-12-4.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1869_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.020","volume":"81","author":"M Matovina","year":"2004","unstructured":"Matovina M, Husnjak K, Milutin N, Ciglar S, Grce M. Possible role of bacterial and viral infections in miscarriages. Fertil Steril. 2004;81(3):662\u20139.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"4","key":"1869_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1805993","volume":"17","author":"Q Mai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mai Q, Yang X, Cheng H, Wu G, Wu Z. Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus among women with cervical lesions in Shenzhen city, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021;17(4):965\u201371.","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"issue":"4","key":"1869_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25396","volume":"128","author":"N Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li N, Franceschi S, Howell-Jones R, Snijders PJ, Clifford GM. Human papillomavirus type distribution in 30,848 invasive cervical cancers worldwide: variation by geographical region, histological type and year of publication. Int J Cancer. 2011;128(4):927\u201335.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"}],"container-title":["Virology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12985-022-01869-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12985-022-01869-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12985-022-01869-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T08:04:52Z","timestamp":1661414692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/virologyj.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12985-022-01869-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12985-022-01869-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-422X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-422X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 April 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 August 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Our research conducted theoretically in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. We declare that our study has been approved by the Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (Grant No. B2019(1)), and the informed consent of the research subjects has been obtained.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest in this work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"137"}}