{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T16:50:52Z","timestamp":1794329452873,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Robert Koch-Institut"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virol J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aim of this study was to investigate the molecular diversity of human astroviruses (HAstV) in Germany. A follow-up study was performed with human stool samples collected in 2018\u20132019, which were genotyped retrospectively. A total of 2645 stool samples, collected between January 2018 and December 2019 from sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis were analyzed. An algorithm of PCR systems was used to characterize human astrovirus. Human astroviruses were found in 40 samples (positive rate: 1.6%). During the study period, children aged 1\u20132\u00a0years (48%) were most affected by HAstV. Genotyping revealed a number of nine circulating genotypes representing four human Mamastrovirus species. Strain MLB1 was predominant in the study population with a detection rate of 25% followed by HAstV1 with a positive rate of 20%. The diversity of astrovirus genotypes seems to be rather stable in Germany in the last years. A clustering of regionally and\/or temporally linked human astroviruses in Germany was not detectable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-022-01955-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T16:03:33Z","timestamp":1671638613000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Diversity of human astroviruses in Germany 2018 and 2019"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Niendorf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Mas Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus-Thomas","family":"Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1955_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10539","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.22.10539","volume":"90","author":"B Jiang","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jiang B, Monroe SS, Koonin EV, Stine SE, Glass RI. RNA sequence of astrovirus: distinctive genomic organization and a putative retrovirus-like ribosomal frameshifting signal that directs the viral replicase synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993;90:10539\u201343.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1955_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00013-14","volume":"27","author":"A Bosch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bosch A, Pinto RM, Guix S. Human astroviruses. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2014;27:1048\u201374.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"1955_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10070","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00797-12","volume":"86","author":"C Fuentes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fuentes C, Bosch A, Pinto RM, Guix S. Identification of human astrovirus genome-linked protein (VPg) essential for virus infectivity. 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Further investigations using these samples were carried out on the basis of and in accordance with the regulations of Section 13 paragraph 3 of the German Infection Protection Act. The analyses of all patient data were done anonymously and retrospectively. For the reasons explained an ethics committee approval was not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"221"}}