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The results of the study demonstrated that Interferon\u2009+\u2009Lactobacilli vaginal capsules [OR 16.0 (95% CIs 8.1\u201332.0)], Interferon\u2009+\u2009Fuanning [OR 16.0 (95% CIs 1.1\u201352.0)], and Interferon\u2009+\u2009Baofukang [OR 14.0 (95% CIs 6.8\u201328.0)] were all found to significantly improve postoperative HR-HPV clearance rates when compared to no treatment. Furthermore, when studies with high-risk bias were excluded, Interferon\u2009+\u2009Lactobacilli vaginal capsules [OR 8.6 (95% CIs 4.7\u201319.0)] and Interferon\u2009+\u2009Baofukang [OR 22.0 (95% CIs 8.7\u201359.0)] were still found to be positively associated with increased postoperative HR-HPV clearance rate. Additionally, the study\u00b4s results also indicate that Interferon\u2009+\u2009Baofukang was effective in enhancing the postoperative HR-HPV clearance rates, mainly when the studies were restricted to a follow-up period of at least 12\u00a0months [OR 9.6 (95% CIs 2.9\u201334.0)]. However, it is important to note that the majority of the trials (29 out of 52, 51.6%) were rated as moderate to high risk of bias, and the certainty of the evidence was moderate to very low.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The application of various forms of vaginal administration, except for individual use of Lactobacilli vaginal capsules, is more efficacious than no treatment in patients with cervical persistent HR-HPV infection after excisional treatment. However, all of the estimates of the effect size for change in the efficiency of HR-HPV clearance are uncertain. Our confidence in effect estimates and ranking of treatments is low, which needs larger, more rigorous, and longer follow-up RCTs to resolve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-023-02001-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:14:06Z","timestamp":1679271246000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of vaginal treatment options for persistent high-risk human papillomavirus infection after excisional treatment of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yiqian","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2001_CR1","unstructured":"WHO guidelines for the use of thermal ablation for cervical pre-cancer lesions. 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