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However, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, and health effects of ccCoV infection remain understudied.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A retrospective study evaluated 3,935 outpatients with acute upper RTI at a tertiary teaching hospital. The presence of ccCoV and influenza virus was determined by multiplex molecular assay. The demographic, clinical symptoms, and health outcomes were compared between patients with ccCoV (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009205) and influenza (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009417) infections. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to evaluate predictors and health outcomes over a one-year follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sore throat, nasal discharge, headache, and myalgia were more predominant in ccCoV infection; fever was common in influenza. Most patients reported moderate symptoms severity (49.8% ccCoV, 56.1% influenza). Subsequent primary care visits with symptoms of RTI within a year were comparable for both infections (27.3% ccCoV vs. 27.6% influenza). However, patients with influenza reported increased primary care visits for non-RTI episodes and all-cause hospital admission. Baseline comorbidities were associated with increased primary care visits with symptoms of RTI in either ccCoV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1\u20135.9; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.034) or influenza (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1\u20133.1; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017) infections, due probably to the dysregulation of the host immune response following acute infections. In patients infected with influenza infection, dyslipidemia was a predictor for subsequent primary care visits with symptoms of RTI (unadjusted OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.0\u20133.0; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.040).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Both influenza and ccCoV infection pose significant disease burden, especially in patients with comorbidities. The management of comorbidities should be prioritized to mitigate poor health outcomes in infected individuals.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-024-02524-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T15:02:02Z","timestamp":1728399722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical symptoms, comorbidities and health outcomes among outpatients infected with the common cold coronaviruses versus influenza virus"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Thevambiga","family":"Iyadorai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sin How","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pui Li","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoe Leong","family":"Sii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun Keat","family":"P\u2019ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soon Sean","family":"Ee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maw Pin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nik Sherina","family":"Hanafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim Tien","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack Bee","family":"Chook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Takebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kok-Gan","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarbhan","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I-Ching","family":"Sam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kok Keng","family":"Tee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2524_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100986","volume":"37","author":"X Jin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jin X, Ren J, Li R, et al. 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