{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T11:46:08Z","timestamp":1792755968424,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virol J"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-025-02843-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T08:36:03Z","timestamp":1753432563000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Knowledge, attitudes, and prevention practices for hepatitis B and C virus infection among patients in the North Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yideg","family":"Abinew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gebre Ayanaw","family":"Alula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sefinew","family":"Gebeyehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jemberu","family":"Chane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2843_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30253-5","volume":"4","author":"C Bauer-Staeb","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bauer-Staeb C, J\u00f6rgensen L, Lewis G, Dalman C, Osborn DP, Hayes JF. Prevalence and risk factors for HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C in people with severe mental illness: a total population study of Sweden. Lancet Psychiatry. 2017;4(9):685\u201393.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"17","key":"2843_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.3795","volume":"319","author":"LS Tang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tang LS, Covert E, Wilson E, Kottilil S. Chronic hepatitis B infection: a review. JAMA. 2018;319(17):1802\u201313.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"2843_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.09.014","volume":"70","author":"SK Asrani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Asrani SK, Devarbhavi H, Eaton J, Kamath PS. Burden of liver diseases in the world. J Hepatol. 2019;70(1):151\u201371.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"36","key":"2843_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6025","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i36.6025","volume":"27","author":"E Amponsah-Dacosta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amponsah-Dacosta E. Hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma in sub-Saharan africa: implications for elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030? World J Gastroenterol. 2021;27(36):6025.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2843_CR5","first-page":"1","volume":"16","author":"F Shiferaw","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shiferaw F, Letebo M, Bane A. Chronic viral hepatitis: policy, regulation, and strategies for its control and elimination in Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:1\u201313.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"2843_CR6","first-page":"60","volume":"5","author":"OE Ifeanyi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ifeanyi OE, Leticia OI, Nwosu D, Chinedum OK. A review on blood borne viral infections: universal precautions. Int J Adv Res Biol Sci. 2018;5(6):60\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Adv Res Biol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"2843_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0223733","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223733","volume":"14","author":"TT Hang Pham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hang Pham TT, Le TX, Nguyen DT, Luu CM, Truong BD, Tran PD, et al. Knowledge, attitudes and medical practice regarding hepatitis B prevention and management among healthcare workers in Northern Vietnam. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(10):e0223733.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2843_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roien R, Mousavi SH, Ozaki A, Baqeri SA, Hosseini SMR, Ahmad S, et al. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of health-care workers toward hepatitis B virus prevention in kabul, Afghanistan. J Multidisciplinary Healthc. 2021:3(1):77\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/jmdh.s334438","DOI":"10.2147\/jmdh.s334438"},{"issue":"2","key":"2843_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2020.05.006","volume":"2","author":"JA Woods","year":"2020","unstructured":"Woods JA, Hutchinson NT, Powers SK, Roberts WO, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Radak Z, et al. The COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity. Sports Med Health Sci. 2020;2(2):55\u201364.","journal-title":"Sports Med Health Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2843_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"36","author":"A Adugna","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adugna A, Kloos H, Degefa T. Evaluation of the 2007 Ethiopian census data with an emphasis on coverage in Amhara region. Ethiop J Dev Res. 2014;36(1):1\u201333.","journal-title":"Ethiop J Dev Res"},{"key":"2843_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00265590","volume":"75","author":"P Cornelius","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cornelius P. Properties of components of covariance of inbred relatives and their estimates in a maize population. Theor Appl Genet. 1988;75:701\u201311.","journal-title":"Theor Appl Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2843_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2480","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000768","volume":"85","author":"MZ Belay","year":"2023","unstructured":"Belay MZ, Wondyifraw EB, Yirdaw LT, Tefera BD. Knowledge, attitude, practice and their associated determinants, in relation to updated coronavirus illness 19 prevention and control among Dessie town residents in the South Wollo zone of Northeast ethiopia: community-based cross-sectional study cross-sectional study. Annals Med Surg. 2023;85(6):2480\u20139.","journal-title":"Annals Med Surg"},{"key":"2843_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-448","volume":"13","author":"N ul Haq","year":"2013","unstructured":"ul Haq N, Hassali MA, Shafie AA, Saleem F, Farooqui M, Haseeb A, et al. A cross-sectional assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice among Hepatitis-B patients in quetta, Pakistan. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:1\u20139.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2843_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-601","volume":"12","author":"R Mohamed","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mohamed R, Ng CJ, Tong WT, Abidin SZ, Wong LP, Low WY. Knowledge, attitudes and practices among people with chronic hepatitis B attending a hepatology clinic in malaysia: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:1\u201314.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2843_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41124-016-0014-8","volume":"2","author":"PS Mukherjee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mukherjee PS, Dutta E, Das DK, Ghosh S, Neogi S, Sarkar A. Knowledge about hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection and consequences: a cross-sectional assessment of baseline knowledge among infected patients in West bengal, India. Hepatol Med Policy. 2017;2:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Hepatol Med Policy"},{"key":"2843_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abongwa LE, Sunjo NS, Afah NG, Abongwa L, Sunjo N, Afah N. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward Hepatitis B among two rural communities of the Anglophone regions in Cameroon. IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences, 4 (3). Sciences. 2016;4(03):2016.","DOI":"10.21013\/jas.v4.n3.p13"},{"key":"2843_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosmer DW. Applied logistic regression, 2. 2000.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471722146"},{"issue":"1","key":"2843_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4103\/jihs.jihs_2_21","volume":"9","author":"A Ara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ara A, Inder D, Kumar P, Akhtar K. Knowledge, attitude and practices for HBV and HCV (Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus) among the students of a central university in South Delhi (India) and strategies for prevention of disease. J Integr Health Sci. 2021;9(1):19\u201323.","journal-title":"J Integr Health Sci"},{"key":"2843_CR19","unstructured":"SalemBSc SS, Almubark N, Alharbi W, Alhusaynan M. Knowledge and practice of adult population regarding hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Riyadh, Saudi arabia. 2018."},{"key":"2843_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6375-8","volume":"19","author":"Y Rajamoorthy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rajamoorthy Y, Taib NM, Munusamy S, Anwar S, Wagner AL, Mudatsir M, et al. Knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B among households in malaysia: a community-based cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health. 2019;19:1\u201311.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2843_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saaed FM, Ongerth JE, Ali MH, Knowledge. Attitude and practice (KAP) survey about hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) among migrant populations from Sub-Saharan Africa. MedRxiv. 2022:2022.11. 29.22282852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.11.29.22282852","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.11.29.22282852"},{"key":"2843_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204993612412853","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361241285342","volume":"11","author":"YM Larebo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Larebo YM, Anshebo AA, Behera SK, Gopalan N. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward preventing and controlling hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at a university hospital in central ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Therapeutic Adv Infect Disease. 2024;11:20499361241285342.","journal-title":"Therapeutic Adv Infect Disease"},{"key":"2843_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jarju L, Bittaye SO, Keita A, Tamba S, Njie R. Knowledge and attitude of hepatitis B infection among patients with the infection in the main liver clinic in the Gambia. Pan Afr Med J. 2022;42(1):252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11604\/pamj.2022.42.252.34577","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2022.42.252.34577"},{"issue":"2","key":"2843_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2252241","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2023.2252241","volume":"19","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Su Y, Yan R, Tang X, Deng X, Zhu Y, et al. Knowledge and awareness of viral hepatitis and influencing factors among the general population aged 15\u201369 years in Zhejiang province, China. Hum Vaccines Immunotherapeutics. 2023;19(2):2252241.","journal-title":"Hum Vaccines Immunotherapeutics"},{"issue":"08","key":"2843_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.17127","volume":"17","author":"A-M Mutaru","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mutaru A-M, Nanyim JK, Adokiya MN. Knowledge and predictors of attitudes of hepatitis B virus infection prevention among adults in tolon, Northern Ghana. J Infect Developing Ctries. 2023;17(08):1152\u20139.","journal-title":"J Infect Developing Ctries"},{"issue":"10","key":"2843_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0312226","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0312226","volume":"19","author":"N Alaridah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alaridah N, Jereisat RA, Abu-Mutaw S, Abuhani HO, Jarrar RF, Joudeh RM, et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward hepatitis B infection among Hemodialysis patients: A nationwide study in Jordan. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(10):e0312226.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"2843_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4644","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19084644","volume":"19","author":"A Dwiartama","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dwiartama A, Nirbayati WF, Giri-Rachman EA, Niloperbowo W, Tan MI, Anin A. Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward hepatitis B infection prevention and screening among Indonesians. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(8):4644.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"container-title":["Virology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12985-025-02843-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12985-025-02843-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12985-025-02843-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T23:26:50Z","timestamp":1757287610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/virologyj.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12985-025-02843-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12985-025-02843-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-422X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-422X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical clearance committee of Debark University with Ref No, DKU\/RCS\/09\/23, and permission was obtained from Janamora Primary and Debark General hospitals. Written consent was also obtained from the patients. The data obtained during the study were kept confidential. Paper data were kept in a locked cabinet, and computer-based data were secured with passwords. Except for the research team members, no one was accessing patient data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors and participants of this manuscript declare the following: This manuscript represents original research work and has not been previously published, nor is it currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. All the authors have made substantial contributions to the conception, design, execution, analysis, and interpretation of the data. All the authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to its submission for publication. The research was conducted ethically and in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including obtaining informed consent from all participants. There are no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"253"}}