{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:48:37Z","timestamp":1791492517577,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Scientific Research Fund of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education","award":["2024J0152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024J0152"]}]},{"name":"the Scientific Research Fund of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education","award":["2020J0800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020J0800"]}]},{"name":"the Open Project Fund of Yunnan Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety","award":["KLPHB_2023_07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLPHB_2023_07"]}]},{"name":"the Scientific Research Fund of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology and Kunming Medical University Joint Project","award":["202301AY070001-071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202301AY070001-071"]}]},{"name":"the Scientific Research Fund of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology and Kunming Medical University Joint Project","award":["202101AY070001-228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AY070001-228"]}]},{"name":"the Scientific Research Fund of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology and Kunming Medical University Joint Project","award":["202001AC070324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001AC070324"]}]},{"name":"the Scientific Research Fund of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology and Kunming Medical University Joint Project","award":["202201AY070001-214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201AY070001-214"]}]},{"name":"Special Funds for the Training of High-Level Health Technical Talents in Yunnan Province","award":["H-2024062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H-2024062"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Province Longyun Expert Workstation","award":["202305AF150090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AF150090"]}]},{"name":"the major science and technology special plan of Yunnan Province","award":["202402AD080006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202402AD080006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virol J"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-025-02861-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T04:05:19Z","timestamp":1752465919000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Trends in the molecular epidemiology of human papillomavirus in males from the plateau region of Southwest China: an 11-year retrospective analysis (2014\u20132024)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jian-Peng","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Fu","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Xia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu-Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Si","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe-Wei","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Dong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zong-Sheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin-Yu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ju","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng-Fu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Liang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2861_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nelson CW, Mirabello L. Human papillomavirus genomics: understanding carcinogenicity. Tumour Virus Res. 2023;15:200258..","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvr.2023.200258"},{"key":"2861_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Qiu K, Ren J, Zhao Y, Cheng P. Roles of human papillomavirus in cancers: oncogenic mechanisms and clinical use. Signal Transduction Targeted Ther. 2025;10(1):44.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02083-w"},{"issue":"1","key":"2861_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.02.002","volume":"401","author":"HU Bernard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bernard HU, Burk RD, Chen Z, van Doorslaer K. zur Hausen H, de Villiers EM: Classification of papillomaviruses (PVs) based on 189 PV types and proposal of taxonomic amendments. Virology. 2010;401(1):70\u20139.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2861_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00617-5","volume":"20","author":"AA McBride","year":"2022","unstructured":"McBride AA. Human papillomaviruses: diversity, infection and host interactions. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022;20(2):95\u2013108.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2861_CR5","unstructured":"List of Classifications, Agents classified by the IARC Monographs, Volumes 1\u2013137. https:\/\/monographs.iarc.who.int\/list-of-classifications."},{"key":"2861_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.11.039","volume":"471","author":"R Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang R, Pan W, Jin L, Huang W, Li Y, Wu D, Gao C, Ma D, Liao S. Human papillomavirus vaccine against cervical cancer: Opportunity and challenge. Cancer Lett. 2020;471:88\u2013102.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"issue":"7","key":"2861_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24116","volume":"124","author":"H De Vuyst","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Vuyst H, Clifford GM, Nascimento MC, Madeleine MM, Franceschi S. Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus in carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva, vagina and anus: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer. 2009;124(7):1626\u201336.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2861_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa710","volume":"224","author":"Y Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan Y, Zhang H, Jiang C, Ma X, Zhou X, Tian X, Song Y, Chen X, Yu L, Li R, et al. Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Integration Status in Tissue Samples of Bladder Cancer in the Chinese Population. J Infect Dis. 2021;224(1):114\u201322.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2861_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30716","volume":"141","author":"C de Martel","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Martel C, Plummer M, Vignat J, Franceschi S. Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to HPV by site, country and HPV type. Int J Cancer. 2017;141(4):664\u201370.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2861_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2024.107057","volume":"159","author":"BY Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao BY, Hirayama S, Goss D, Zhao Y, Faden DL. Human papillomavirus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 2024;159: 107057.","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2861_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1345","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00305-4","volume":"11","author":"L Bruni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bruni L, Albero G, Rowley J, Alemany L, Arbyn M, Giuliano AR, Markowitz LE, Broutet N, Taylor M. Global and regional estimates of genital human papillomavirus prevalence among men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2023;11(9):e1345\u201362.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2861_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang S, Ma Q-Y, Du J, Wei T-T, Zhang W-X, Wang P, Zhou Y, Wei M, Gu L, Cui F, et al. Detecting and genotyping high-risk human papillomavirus among male patients during 2015\u20132023 in Beijing, China. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2024;13(1):2313848.","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2024.2313848"},{"key":"2861_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng L, Zheng L, Chen S, Liu W, Qi J, Li K. Human papillomavirus prevalence and genotype distribution in Liaocheng men between 2016 and 2022. J Med Virol. 2024;96(1):e29360.","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29360"},{"key":"2861_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang H, Zhao J, Liu X, Yan W, Li G, Yuan Y. The Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomaviruses Among Men in Henan Province of China. Front Med. 2021;8:676401.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.676401"},{"key":"2861_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin W-G, Yang M, Peng L, Liu Y-M, Cheng B, Xuan S-X, Chen C, Tan F-J. Male papillomavirus infection and genotyping in the Qingyuan area. Virol J. 2020;17(1):155.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-020-01423-w"},{"issue":"4","key":"2861_CR16","first-page":"280","volume":"74","author":"Y Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu Y, Zhang Y, Fan X, Zhang G, Dian Z, Sun Y. Prevalence and Genotypes of Human Papillomavirus among Men in Yunnan Province. China Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021;74(4):280\u20134.","journal-title":"China Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2861_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li X, Xiang F, Chen Z, Zhang T, Zhu Z, Zhang M, Wu R, Kang X. Genital Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Genotyping Among Males in Putuo District of Shanghai, China 2015\u20132019. Med Sci Monit. 2021;27:e932093.","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.932093"},{"key":"2861_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu JP, Wang JL, Li Y, Feng Y, Tian CQ, Zhang GH, Chen XQ, Liu HX, Yang JS, Fang ZW, et al. Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection among 66000 women from 2014 to 2023 in the plateau region of Southwest China. Virol J. 2024;21(1):176.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-024-02447-2"},{"key":"2861_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu C, Wang Y, Mao W, Zhang H, Ma J. Prevalence and distribution of HPV types in genital warts in Xi'an, China: a prospective study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(5):e023897.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023897"},{"issue":"3","key":"2861_CR20","first-page":"38","volume":"38","author":"Shen Ping","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ping Shen, Yanying Ni, Zhongcai Jiang. Infection genotype and distribution characteristics of human papillomavirus in 889 male patients. Chin J Androl. 2024;38(3):38\u201347.","journal-title":"Chin J Androl."},{"key":"2861_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu P, Yang X, Zhao H, Liang L, Chen M, Yin A. High burden of human papillomavirus infection among men in Guangzhou, South China: Implications for HPV vaccination strategies. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2024;20(1):2337161.","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2024.2337161"},{"issue":"22","key":"2861_CR22","first-page":"9714","volume":"23","author":"DM Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma DM, Sun MX, Li XY, Li S, Nie XJ, Jin DH, Chen LM. Distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes in male attendees at a clinic for sexually transmitted infections in Northern China. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019;23(22):9714\u201320.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2861_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29656","volume":"96","author":"J Du","year":"2024","unstructured":"Du J, Ma QY, Wang S, Zhang WX, Wang P, Zhou Y, Wei M, Gu L, Cui F, Lu QB. High-risk human papillomavirus genotypes among healthy males from one hospital in Beijing, China. J Med Virol. 2024;96(5): e29656.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2861_CR24","first-page":"1205","volume":"18","author":"LJ CuiYuli","year":"2023","unstructured":"CuiYuli LJ, Junying Z. Analysis of HPV infection status and influencing factors in males with cervical HPV infection in their spouses. Journal of Pathogen Biology. 2023;18(10):1205\u20138.","journal-title":"Journal of Pathogen Biology"},{"key":"2861_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.905789","volume":"24","author":"C Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang C, Zhang C, Huang J, Shi W. The Genotype of Human Papillomavirus and Associated Factors Among High Risk Males in Shanghai, China: A Molecular Epidemiology Study. Med Sci Monit. 2018;24:912\u20138.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"7","key":"2861_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz238","volume":"220","author":"MD Wissing","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wissing MD, Louvanto K, Com\u00e8te E, Burchell AN, El-Zein M, Rodrigues A, Tellier PP, Coutl\u00e9e F, Franco EL. Human Papillomavirus Viral Load and Transmission in Young, Recently Formed Heterosexual Couples. J Infect Dis. 2019;220(7):1152\u201361.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2861_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2021.09.010","volume":"51","author":"M Stanley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stanley M. Host defence and persistent human papillomavirus infection. Curr Opin Virol. 2021;51:106\u201310.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"2861_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2017.08.001","volume":"47","author":"J Doorbar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Doorbar J. Host control of human papillomavirus infection and disease. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;47:27\u201341.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2861_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang X, Li Y, Tang Y, Li Z, Wang S, Luo X, He T, Yin A, Luo M. Cervical HPV infection in Guangzhou, China: an epidemiological study of 198,111 women from 2015 to 2021. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2023;12(1):e2176009.","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2023.2176009"},{"key":"2861_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng LL, Chen SF, Yang F, Wang WH, Xu C, Zheng LY. High-risk HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among women in Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China from 2016 to 2022. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1145396.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1145396"},{"issue":"11","key":"2861_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5373","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2017","volume":"8","author":"B Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu B, Liu Y, Zuo T, Cui X, Li M, Zhang J, Yu H, Piao H. The prevalence, trends, and geographical distribution of human papillomavirus infection in China: The pooled analysis of 1.7 million women. Cancer Med. 2019;8(11):5373\u201385.","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"2861_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqab181","volume":"157","author":"Z Zeng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zeng Z, Austin RM, Wang L, Guo X, Zeng Q, Zheng B, Zhao C. Nationwide Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection in China. Am J Clin Pathol. 2022;157(5):718\u201323.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2861_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2014.55","volume":"27","author":"EC Pirog","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pirog EC, Lloveras B, Molijn A, Tous S, Guimer\u00e0 N, Alejo M, Clavero O, Klaustermeier J, Jenkins D, Quint WG, et al. HPV prevalence and genotypes in different histological subtypes of cervical adenocarcinoma, a worldwide analysis of 760 cases. Mod Pathol. 2014;27(12):1559\u201367.","journal-title":"Mod Pathol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2861_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29190","volume":"95","author":"C Reynders","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reynders C, Lerho T, Goebel EA, Crum CP, Vandenput S, Beaudart C, Herfs M. Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus in cervical adenocarcinoma (usual type and variants): A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2023;95(10): e29190.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2861_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70230-8","volume":"11","author":"S de Sanjose","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Sanjose S, Quint WG, Alemany L, Geraets DT, Klaustermeier JE, Lloveras B, Tous S, Felix A, Bravo LE, Shin HR, et al. Human papillomavirus genotype attribution in invasive cervical cancer: a retrospective cross-sectional worldwide study. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11(11):1048\u201356.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2861_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ke Q, Zhao K, Jin Y, Pan X, Ma Y, Zhang L, Sun X. Multicenter study on the distribution and prevalence of human papillomavirus types in Hangzhou, Zhejiang from 2017 to 2023. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):9374.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-92102-9"},{"key":"2861_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen C, Yang X, Wu X. HPV infection incidence and genotype distribution among male patients visiting outpatient departments in Huizhou from 2014 to 2023. Virol J. 2025, 22(1):105","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-025-02726-6"}],"container-title":["Virology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12985-025-02861-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12985-025-02861-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12985-025-02861-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T07:46:55Z","timestamp":1757231215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/virologyj.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12985-025-02861-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2861"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12985-025-02861-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-422X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-422X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee [2023-045(KE)-01] in the Qujing First People\u2019s Hospital. The participants\u2019 informed consent was obtained electronically.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"238"}}