{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:35:31Z","timestamp":1787564131326,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFD1800200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1800200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32170539"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32170539"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virol J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Swine influenza virus (SIV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are leading pathogens in pigs, whose co-infections exacerbate disease severity. Current diagnostics like RT-PCR lack suitability for rapid, on-site use, while CRISPR-based systems face challenges in convenient multiplex detection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed an RT-LAMP-CRISPR-Cas12a\/13a-LFD dual-detection platform that integrates reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) with the orthogonal trans-cleavage activities of CRISPR-Cas12a and Cas13a, followed by lateral flow dipstick (LFD) visualization. This assay achieved detection limits of 5 copies\/\u00b5L for SIV and 2 copies\/\u00b5L for PRRSV, and exhibited high specificity against other common swine pathogens. The entire process, including a 20-minute amplification at 40\u00a0\u00b0C and 5-minute LFD readout, enables rapid and visual diagnosis. A preliminary validation was conducted using respiratory infection samples, demonstrating high concordance with reference methods and specificity against non-target pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The RT-LAMP-CRISPR-Cas12a\/13a-LFD assay provides a sensitive, specific, and potentially field-adaptable tool for the simultaneous detection of SIV and PRRSV. It is ideally suited for early screening and precise control of these pathogens in resource-limited settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-026-03085-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T06:37:19Z","timestamp":1769323039000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Establishment of a CRISPR\/Cas12a\/13a-driven dual-detection platform for rapid diagnosis of swine influenza virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Shuchang","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyuchen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"3085_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179044","volume":"12","author":"E Baudon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baudon E, Peyre M, Peiris M, Cowling BJ. Epidemiological features of influenza circulation in swine populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0179044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0179044.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3085_CR2","unstructured":"Yk C, Sm G, Hs J. Retrospective analysis of etiologic agents associated with respiratory diseases in pigs. Can Vet J; 2003;44:735-7. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/14524628\/"},{"key":"3085_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.54.3.349","volume":"54","author":"RE Shope","year":"1931","unstructured":"Shope RE. Swine influenza: i. experimental transmission and pathology. J Exp Med. 1931;54:349\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.54.3.349.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"3085_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-022114-111025","volume":"4","author":"JK Lunney","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lunney JK, Fang Y, Ladinig A, et al. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV): pathogenesis and interaction with the immune system. Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2016;4:129\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-animal-022114-111025.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Anim Biosci"},{"key":"3085_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.11.037","volume":"169","author":"I Dobrescu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dobrescu I, Levast B, Lai K, Delgado-Ortega M, Walker S, Banman S, et al. In vitro and ex vivo analyses of co-infections with swine influenza and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses. Vet Microbiol. 2014;169:18\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.11.037.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"3085_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1053\/rvsc.1998.0277","volume":"67","author":"K Van Reeth","year":"1999","unstructured":"Van Reeth K, Labarque G, Nauwynck H, Pensaert M. Differential production of proinflammatory cytokines in the pig lung during different respiratory virus infections: correlations with pathogenicity. Res Vet Sci. 1999;67:47\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/rvsc.1998.0277.","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"3085_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10080491","volume":"10","author":"H Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang H, Luo Q, He Y, Zheng Y, Sha H, Li G, et al. Research progress on the development of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome vaccines. Vet Sci. 2023;10:491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci10080491.","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"3085_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000526","volume":"2","author":"K Tian","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tian K, Yu X, Zhao T, Feng Y, Cao Z, Wang C, et al. Emergence of fatal PRRSV variants: unparalleled outbreaks of atypical PRRS in China and molecular dissection of the unique hallmark. PLoS One. 2007;2:e526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0000526.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3085_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-022114-111025","volume":"4","author":"JK Lunney","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lunney JK, Fang Y, Ladinig A, Chen N, Li Y, Rowland B, et al. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV): pathogenesis and interaction with the immune system. Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2016;4:129\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-animal-022114-111025.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Anim Biosci"},{"key":"3085_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985813513043","volume":"51","author":"BH Janke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Janke BH. Influenza A virus infections in swine: pathogenesis and diagnosis. Vet Pathol. 2014;51:410\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300985813513043.","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"3085_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2025.2504124","volume":"16","author":"C Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li C, Xu H, Li J, Gong B, Guo Z, Xiang L, et al. Genetic evolution and alterations in pathogenicity of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virulence. 2025;16:2504124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21505594.2025.2504124.","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"3085_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252310000204","volume":"12","author":"R Desrosiers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Desrosiers R. Transmission of swine pathogens: different means, different needs. Anim Health Res Rev. 2011;12:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1466252310000204.","journal-title":"Anim Health Res Rev"},{"key":"3085_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.699561","volume":"8","author":"D Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao D, Yang B, Yuan X, Shen C, Zhang D, Shi X, et al. Advanced research in Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus co-infection with other pathogens in swine. Front Vet Sci. 2021;8:699561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.699561.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"3085_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(95)00145-x","volume":"48","author":"K Van Reeth","year":"1996","unstructured":"Van Reeth K, Nauwynck H, Pensaert M. Dual infections of feeder pigs with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus followed by porcine respiratory coronavirus or swine influenza virus: a clinical and virological study. Vet Microbiol. 1996;48:325\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0378-1135(95)00145-x.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"3085_CR15","first-page":"735","volume":"44","author":"YK Choi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Choi YK, Goyal SM, Joo HS. Retrospective analysis of etiologic agents associated with respiratory diseases in pigs. Can Vet J. 2003;44:735\u20137.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"3085_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-1135(96)01323-5","volume":"55","author":"JMA Pol","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pol JMA, Van Leengoed LAMG, Stockhofe N, Kok G, Wensvoort G. Dual infections of PRRSV\/influenza or PRRSV\/Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in the respiratory tract. Vet Microbiol. 1997;55:259\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0378-1135(96)01323-5.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"3085_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.115","volume":"104","author":"Q Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang Q, Xi J, Chen X, Hu S, Chen N, Qiao S, Wan S, Bao D. The development of a sensitive droplet digital PCR for quantitative detection of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017;104:1223\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.115.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"3085_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2015.08.001","volume":"224","author":"M Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang M, Xie Z, Xie L, Deng X, Xie Z, Luo S, Liu J, Pang Y, Khan MI. Simultaneous detection of eight swine reproductive and respiratory pathogens using a novel GeXP analyser-based multiplex PCR assay. J Virol Methods. 2015;224:9\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jviromet.2015.08.001.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"3085_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2020.114015","volume":"288","author":"AA Bakre","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bakre AA, Jones LP, Bennett HK, Bobbitt DE, Tripp RA. Detection of swine influenza virus in nasal specimens by reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). J Virol Methods. 2021;288:114015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jviromet.2020.114015.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"3085_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2012.01.024","volume":"181","author":"A Venteo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Venteo A, Rebollo B, Sarraseca J, Rodriguez MJ, Sanz A. A novel double recognition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the nucleocapsid protein for early detection of European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. J Virol Methods. 2012;181(1):109\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jviromet.2012.01.024.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"3085_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2018.19.4.519","volume":"19","author":"JE Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu JE, Ouh IO, Kang H, Lee HY, Cheong KM, Cho IS, Cha SH. An enhanced immunochromatographic strip test using colloidal gold nanoparticle-labeled dual-type N proteins for detection of antibodies to PRRS virus. J Vet Sci. 2018;19(4):519\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4142\/jvs.2018.19.4.519.","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3085_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-27133-7","volume":"13","author":"D Figueiredo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Figueiredo D, Cascalheira A, Goncalves J. Rapid, multiplex detection of SARS-CoV-2 using isothermal amplification coupled with CRISPR-Cas12a. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-27133-7.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6336","key":"3085_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9321","volume":"356","author":"JS Gootenberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gootenberg JS, Abudayyeh OO, Lee JW, Essletzbichler P, Dy AJ, Joung J, Verdine V, Donghia N, Daringer NM, Freije CA, Myhrvold C, Bhattacharyya RP, Livny J, Regev A, Koonin EV, Hung DT, Sabeti PC, Collins JJ, Zhang F. Nucleic acid detection with CRISPR-Cas13a\/C2c2. Science. 2017;356(6336):438\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aam9321.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"3085_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-009-0669-9","volume":"15","author":"Y Mori","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mori Y, Notomi T. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): a rapid, accurate, and cost-effective diagnostic method for infectious diseases. J Infect Chemother. 2009;15(2):62\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10156-009-0669-9.","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"3085_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14030643","volume":"14","author":"H Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li H, Leng H, Tang S, Su C, Xu Y, Wang Y, et al. Prevalence, genetics and evolutionary properties of Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza viruses in Liaoning. Viruses. 2022;14:643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v14030643.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"3085_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1495128","volume":"12","author":"Z Ren","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ren Z, Kang P, Zhang P, Sun C, Chen J, Xiang H, et al. Development of SYBR green I-based real-time qPCR differential diagnosis assays for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus typing in Guangdong province. Front Vet Sci. 2025;12:1495128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1495128.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"3085_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252313203","volume":"25","author":"C Tao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tao C, Zhu X, Huang Y, Yuan W, Wang Z, Zhu H, et al. Development of a multiplex RT\u2013qPCR method for the identification and lineage typing of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25:13203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms252313203.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"3085_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050170002","volume":"146","author":"E Hoffmann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hoffmann E, Stech J, Guan Y, Webster RG, Perez DR. Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza A viruses. Arch Virol. 2001;146(12):2275\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s007050170002.","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"3085_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13894","author":"J Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu J, Xu Y, Lin Z, Fan J, Dai A, Deng X, et al. Epidemiology investigation of PRRSV discharged by faecal and genetic variation of orf5. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tbed.13894.","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"3085_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s44149-021-00024-6","volume":"1","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Y, Robertson I. The epidemiology of swine influenza. Anim Dis. 2021;1:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s44149-021-00024-6.","journal-title":"Anim Dis"},{"key":"3085_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.3390\/v15081765","volume":"15","author":"S Lim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lim S, Perez AM, Kanankege KST. Modeling the seasonal variation of windborne transmission of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus between swine farms. Viruses. 2023;15:1765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v15081765.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"3085_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0450.2001.00438.x","volume":"48","author":"K Van Reeth","year":"2001","unstructured":"Van Reeth K, Nauwynck H, Pensaert M. Clinical effects of experimental dual infections with Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus followed by swine influenza virus in conventional and colostrum-deprived pigs. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B. 2001;48:283\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1439-0450.2001.00438.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B"},{"key":"3085_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.828498","author":"S Ito","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ito S, Bosch J, Mart\u00ednez-Avil\u00e9s M, S\u00e1nchez-Vizca\u00edno JM. The evolution of African Swine Fever in China: a global threat? Front Vet Sci. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.828498.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"3085_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2021.114387","volume":"300","author":"Y Cong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cong Y, Sun Y, Deng X, Yu H, Lian X, Cong Y. A SYBR green-based real-time RT-PCR assay to differentiate the H1N1 influenza virus lineages. J Virol Methods. 2022;300:114387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jviromet.2021.114387.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"3085_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02685-12","volume":"51","author":"PF Gerber","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gerber PF, O\u2019Neill K, Owolodun O, Wang C, Harmon K, Zhang J, et al. Comparison of commercial Real-Time reverse Transcription-PCR assays for Reliable, Early, and rapid detection of heterologous strains of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in experimentally infected or noninfected boars by use of different sample types. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51:547\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.02685-12.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"3085_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.3390\/v14122827","volume":"14","author":"A Elnagar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elnagar A, Blome S, Beer M, Hoffmann B. Point-of-care testing for sensitive detection of the African swine fever virus genome. Viruses. 2022;14:2827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v14122827.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"3085_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-022114-111025","volume":"4","author":"JK Lunney","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lunney JK, Fang Y, Ladinig A, Chen N, Li Y, Rowland B, Renukaradhya GJ. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV): pathogenesis and interaction with the immune system. Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2016;4:129\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-animal-022114-111025.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Anim Biosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"3085_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12121593","volume":"12","author":"A Prosperi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Prosperi A, Soliani L, Canelli E, Baioni L, Gabbi V, Torreggiani C, et al. Influenza A in wild boars: viral circulation in the Emilia-Romagna region (Northern Italy) between 2017 and 2022. Animals (Basel). 2022;12(12):1593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani12121593.","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Virology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12985-026-03085-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12985-026-03085-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12985-026-03085-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:07:36Z","timestamp":1772582856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12985-026-03085-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12985-026-03085-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-422X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-422X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This work complied with all relevant ethical guidelines and did not involve the use of experimental animals. All samples were exclusively sourced from existing surveillance infrastructure; specifically, porcine swabs were collected as part of routine pathogen monitoring programs in multiple swine farms and supplied by the farms\u2019 own diagnostic laboratories.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"59"}}