{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:18:37Z","timestamp":1783383517655,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":60,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["BK20241181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20241181"]}]},{"name":"The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["BK20221431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20221431"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Association for Science and Technology Youth Science and Technology Talents Support Project","award":["JSTJ-2024-114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSTJ-2024-114"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007540","name":"Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CX(22)2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX(22)2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention Foundation","award":["SKLADCPKFKT202501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLADCPKFKT202501"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virol J"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-026-03184-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T11:56:00Z","timestamp":1778241360000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a nano-emulsion and evaluation of its intradermal adjuvant function of Swine Influenza H3N2 Vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zhuoyu","family":"Ruan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bihua","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhu","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3184_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-44-72","volume":"44","author":"N Rose","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rose N, Herve S, Eveno E, Barbier N, Eono F, Dorenlor V, Andraud M, Camsusou C, Madec F, Simon G. Dynamics of influenza A virus infections in permanently infected pig farms: evidence of recurrent infections, circulation of several swine influenza viruses and reassortment events. Vet Res. 2013;44:72.","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"3184_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s44149-021-00024-6","volume":"1","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Y, Robertson I. The epidemiology of swine influenza. Anim Dis. 2021;1:21.","journal-title":"Anim Dis"},{"key":"3184_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00031","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00031-14","volume":"5","author":"BM Hause","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hause BM, Collin EA, Liu R, Huang B, Sheng Z, Lu W, Wang D, Nelson EA, Li F. Characterization of a novel influenza virus in cattle and Swine: proposal for a new genus in the Orthomyxoviridae family. mBio. 2014;5:e00031\u201300014.","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"3184_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e155","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12424","volume":"65","author":"RR Rech","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rech RR, Gava D, Silva MC, Fernandes LT, Haach V, Ciacci-Zanella JR, Schaefer R. Porcine respiratory disease complex after the introduction of H1N1\/2009 influenza virus in Brazil. Zoonoses Public Health. 2018;65:e155\u201361.","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"3184_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pittman Ratterree DC, Dass SC, Ndeffo-Mbah ML. Mechanistic Models of Influenza Transmission in Commercial Swine Populations: A Systematic Review. Pathogens 2024;13:9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13090746"},{"key":"3184_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang P, Cui EH, Chang WC, Yu C, Wang H, Du EQ, Wang JY. Nanoparticle-Based Bivalent Swine Influenza Virus Vaccine Induces Enhanced Immunity and Effective Protection against Drifted H1N1 and H3N2 Viruses in Mice. Viruses 2022;14:11.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112443"},{"key":"3184_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madapong A, Wiggins J, DeBeauchamp J, Webby RJ, Weaver EA. Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses Induced by Adenoviral-Vectored Consensus H5 Influenza A Vaccines in Mice and Swine. Vaccines (Basel) 2025;13:9.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13090928"},{"key":"3184_CR8","first-page":"173","volume":"370","author":"K Van Reeth","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van Reeth K, Ma W. Swine influenza virus vaccines: to change or not to change-that\u2019s the question. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2013;370:173\u2013200.","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"3184_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Co-Rives I, Chen AY, Moore AC. Skin-Based Vaccination: A Systematic Mapping Review of the Types of Vaccines and Methods Used and Immunity and Protection Elicited in Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2023;11:2.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11020450"},{"key":"3184_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.05.105","volume":"136","author":"J Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang J, Li P, Wu MX. Natural STING Agonist as an Ideal Adjuvant for Cutaneous Vaccination. J Invest Dermatol. 2016;136:2183\u201391.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"3184_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.10.069","volume":"31","author":"X Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen X, Pravetoni M, Bhayana B, Pentel PR, Wu MX. High immunogenicity of nicotine vaccines obtained by intradermal delivery with safe adjuvants. Vaccine. 2012;31:159\u201364.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"3184_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.10.079426","volume":"89","author":"JK Hickling","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hickling JK, Jones KR, Friede M, Zehrung D, Chen D, Kristensen D. Intradermal delivery of vaccines: potential benefits and current challenges. Bull World Health Organ. 2011;89:221\u20136.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"3184_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5005","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1500408112","volume":"112","author":"J Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang J, Li B, Wu MX. Effective and lesion-free cutaneous influenza vaccination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112:5005\u201310.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"3184_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules14093286","volume":"14","author":"CB Fox","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fox CB. Squalene emulsions for parenteral vaccine and drug delivery. Molecules. 2009;14:3286\u2013312.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"3184_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2016.01.004","volume":"24","author":"G Enkhtaivan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Enkhtaivan G, Maria John KM, Pandurangan M, Hur JH, Leutou AS, Kim DH. Extreme effects of Seabuckthorn extracts on influenza viruses and human cancer cells and correlation between flavonol glycosides and biological activities of extracts. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2017;24:1646\u201356.","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"key":"3184_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/35099560","volume":"413","author":"L Alexopoulou","year":"2001","unstructured":"Alexopoulou L, Holt AC, Medzhitov R, Flavell RA. Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3. Nature. 2001;413:732\u20138.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3184_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.11.034","volume":"33","author":"M Thomas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thomas M, Wang Z, Sreenivasan CC, Hause BM, Gourapura JR, Li F, Francis DH, Kaushik RS, Khatri M. Poly I:C adjuvanted inactivated swine influenza vaccine induces heterologous protective immunity in pigs. Vaccine. 2015;33:542\u20138.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"3184_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S296709","volume":"14","author":"SM Kovachev","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kovachev SM. A Review on Inosine Pranobex Immunotherapy for Cervical HPV-Positive Patients. Infect Drug Resist. 2021;14:2039\u201349.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"3184_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.11.025","volume":"168","author":"P Martelli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Martelli P, Saleri R, Cavalli V, De Angelis E, Ferrari L, Benetti M, Ferrarini G, Merialdi G, Borghetti P. Systemic and local immune response in pigs intradermally and intramuscularly injected with inactivated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines. Vet Microbiol. 2014;168:357\u201364.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"3184_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-015-0545-x","volume":"38","author":"AS Yazdi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yazdi AS, Rocken M, Ghoreschi K. Cutaneous immunology: basics and new concepts. Semin Immunopathol. 2016;38:3\u201310.","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"3184_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.122559","volume":"632","author":"X Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen X. Emerging adjuvants for intradermal vaccination. Int J Pharm. 2023;632:122559.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"3184_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-023-03743-9","volume":"19","author":"N Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen N, Jiang D, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Zhu Z. Preparation of Escherichia coli ghost of anchoring bovine Pasteurella multocida OmpH and its immunoprotective effect. BMC Vet Res. 2023;19:192.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"3184_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.02.026","volume":"36","author":"R Magiri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Magiri R, Lai K, Chaffey A, Zhou Y, Pyo HM, Gerdts V, Wilson HL, Mutwiri G. Intradermal immunization with inactivated swine influenza virus and adjuvant polydi(sodium carboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene (PCEP) induced humoral and cell-mediated immunity and reduced lung viral titres in pigs. Vaccine. 2018;36:1606\u201313.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"3184_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang J, Li P, Yu Y, Fu Y, Jiang H, Lu M, Sun Z, Jiang S, Lu L, Wu MX. Pulmonary surfactant-biomimetic nanoparticles potentiate heterosubtypic influenza immunity. Science 2020;7:367.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau0810"},{"key":"3184_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1719-2","volume":"14","author":"J Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang J, Miao J, Han X, Lu Y, Deng B, Lv F, Zhao Y, Ding C, Hou J. Development of a novel oil-in-water emulsion and evaluation of its potential adjuvant function in a swine influenza vaccine in mice. BMC Vet Res. 2018;14:415.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"3184_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badruzzaman ATM, Cheng YC, Sung WC, Lee MS. Insect Cell-Based Quadrivalent Seasonal Influenza Virus-like Particles Vaccine Elicits Potent Immune Responses in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2024;12:6.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12060667"},{"key":"3184_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1039\/D3MH02251J","volume":"11","author":"W Yin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yin W, Xu Z, Chang C, Zhao Y, Wang H, Zhang J, Ma F, Zuo X, Tang B, Lu Y. Alginate di-aldehyde-modified metal-organic framework nanocarriers as delivery platform and adjuvant in inactivated pseudorabies vaccination. Mater Horiz. 2024;11:2153\u201368.","journal-title":"Mater Horiz"},{"key":"3184_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036161","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1036161","volume":"9","author":"C Chang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chang C, Wang H, Hua T, Zhang D, Hong W, Deng B, Tang B. A single dose of Astragalus saponins adjuvanted inactivated vaccine for pseudorabies virus protected mice against lethal challenge. Front Vet Sci. 2022;9:1036161.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"3184_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodriguez L, Nogales A, Martinez-Sobrido L. Influenza A Virus Studies in a Mouse Model of Infection. J Vis Exp 2017;7:127.","DOI":"10.3791\/55898"},{"key":"3184_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1415684","volume":"14","author":"JS Tregoning","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tregoning JS, Russell RF, Kinnear E. Adjuvanted influenza vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018;14:550\u201364.","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"3184_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.08.009","volume":"267","author":"H Jiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiang H, Wang Q, Sun X. Lymph node targeting strategies to improve vaccination efficacy. J Control Release. 2017;267:47\u201356.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"3184_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00037.2011","volume":"92","author":"H Wiig","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wiig H, Swartz MA. Interstitial fluid and lymph formation and transport: physiological regulation and roles in inflammation and cancer. Physiol Rev. 2012;92:1005\u201360.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"3184_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2010.06.016","volume":"99","author":"T Stylianopoulos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stylianopoulos T, Poh MZ, Insin N, Bawendi MG, Fukumura D, Munn LL, Jain RK. Diffusion of particles in the extracellular matrix: the effect of repulsive electrostatic interactions. Biophys J. 2010;99:1342\u20139.","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"3184_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3775","volume":"12","author":"DJ Irvine","year":"2013","unstructured":"Irvine DJ, Swartz MA, Szeto GL. Engineering synthetic vaccines using cues from natural immunity. Nat Mater. 2013;12:978\u201390.","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"3184_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.04.051","volume":"193","author":"GM Ryan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ryan GM, Kaminskas LM, Porter CJ. Nano-chemotherapeutics: maximising lymphatic drug exposure to improve the treatment of lymph-metastatic cancers. J Control Release. 2014;193:241\u201356.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"3184_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1158\/2767-9764.CRC-24-0199","volume":"4","author":"H Ishigaki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ishigaki H, Yamauchi T, Long MD, Hoki T, Yamamoto Y, Oba T, Ito F. Generation, Transcriptomic States, and Clinical Relevance of CX3CR1\u2009+\u2009CD8 T Cells in Melanoma. Cancer Res Commun. 2024;4:1802\u201314.","journal-title":"Cancer Res Commun"},{"key":"3184_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-316","volume":"15","author":"Y Qin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qin Y, He LD, Sheng ZJ, Yong MM, Sheng YS, Wei Dong X, Wen Wen T, Ming ZY. Increased CCL19 and CCL21 levels promote fibroblast ossification in ankylosing spondylitis hip ligament tissue. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014;15:316.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"3184_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112015","volume":"132","author":"FT Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang FT, Wu TQ, Lin Y, Jiao YR, Li JY, Ruan Y, Yin L, Chen CQ. The role of the CXCR6\/CXCL16 axis in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disease. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024;132:112015.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"3184_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156746","volume":"183","author":"H Deng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deng H, Xue P, Zhou X, Wang Y, Liu W. CCL4\/CCR5 regulates chondrocyte biology and OA progression. Cytokine. 2024;183:156746.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"3184_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453304","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2025.2453304","volume":"21","author":"L Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu L, Yu Z, Xu Y, Wang Q, Wang G, Li B, Weng Q, Yi Y, Li J. An mRNA vaccine candidate encoding cholera toxin subunit B and conserved antigens of influenza viruses confers cross-protection against influenza a viruses in adult and aged mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2025;21:2453304.","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"3184_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1507-2_5","volume":"2325","author":"E Ranieri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ranieri E, Netti GS, Gigante M. CTL ELISPOT Assay and T Cell Detection. Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2325:65\u201377.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"3184_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mertowska P, Smolak K, Mertowski S, Grywalska E. Immunomodulatory Role of Interferons in Viral and Bacterial Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24:12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210115"},{"key":"3184_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260543","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1260543","volume":"14","author":"H Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li H, Wang A, Zhang Y, Wei F. Diverse roles of lung macrophages in the immune response to influenza A virus. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1260543.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"3184_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2008.12.014","volume":"82","author":"DL Barnard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barnard DL. Animal models for the study of influenza pathogenesis and therapy. Antiviral Res. 2009;82:A110\u2013122.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"3184_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen TQ, Rollon R, Choi YK. Animal Models for Influenza Research: Strengths and Weaknesses. Viruses 2021;13:6.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13061011"},{"key":"3184_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.4966","volume":"28","author":"K Wojcikowski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wojcikowski K, Gobe G. Animal studies on medicinal herbs: predictability, dose conversion and potential value. Phytother Res. 2014;28:22\u20137.","journal-title":"Phytother Res"}],"container-title":["Virology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12985-026-03184-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12985-026-03184-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12985-026-03184-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:05:00Z","timestamp":1783382700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12985-026-03184-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12985-026-03184-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-422X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-422X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All experimental procedures involving animals adhered to the guidelines set by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at JAAS (NO. IACUC-PA-2023-06-003).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"173"}}