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Women residing in remote and underserved regions of the Amazon face significant barriers to accessing quality healthcare services, including geographic isolation, socioeconomic disparities, and limited infrastructure. These challenges contribute to the disproportionate burden of cervical cancer observed in this population, where women from interior regions represent the highest percentage of cases in Brazil.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to elucidate the prevalence, distribution of HPV genotypes, and associated risk factors among women from remote communities in the Brazilian Amazon, providing critical insights into regional public health challenges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Endocervical smears were systematically collected from women across 18 municipalities. HPV detection was performed using Hybrid Capture II, a highly sensitive molecular assay, while genotyping was conducted using the Linear Array HPV system, which enables comprehensive identification of multiple HPV genotypes. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, odds ratios (OR), and Cram\u00e9r\u2019s V, with a significance threshold set at\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.05 and a 95% confidence interval.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 13.84% (182\/1315), with notable variation across municipalities. Irituia exhibited the highest prevalence at 21.25% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0664). Key factors associated with HPV acquisition included age\u2009\u2264\u200925 years (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), unmarried status (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), and non-use of condoms (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0032). Fifteen different genotypes of HPV were found. Of the total positive samples, only 58.8% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009107) samples were genotyped. High-risk oncogenic HPV was detected in 63 genotyped samples (58.9%), the most frequent high-risk oncogenic HPV genotypes were HPV16 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200915, 14%), HPV59 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910, 9.3%), and HPV58 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099, 8.4%). Co-infections involving both high- and low-risk genotypes were observed in 14% (8\/57) of the samples, while mixed infections accounted for 22.8% (13\/57).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings highlight the significant burden of HPV infection among young, unmarried women who do not use condoms, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted interventions. The low quality of the DNA obtained prevented us from genotyping all samples. The high diversity of high-risk HPV genotypes, particularly the predominance of HPV16 in all municipalities studied, reveals a potential critical vulnerability in this population. These results emphasize the importance of strengthening screening programs, promoting condom use, and implementing vaccination campaigns to mitigate the spread of HPV and reduce the incidence of cervical cancer in the Brazilian Amazon.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-026-03220-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:15:30Z","timestamp":1781187330000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-risk oncogenic HPV genotypes in vulnerable women from the Amazon: a cross-sectional retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Darciane Coelho","family":"Cordovil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laryssa Danielle","family":"da Silva Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lumara Silvia Santana","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina Guilhon","family":"Sequeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago","family":"de Matos Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edivaldo Herculano Correa","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rog\u00e9rio Valois","family":"Laurentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Fernando","family":"Almeida Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo Miranda","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria Revoredo","family":"da Silva Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Vellasco Duarte","family":"Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"3220_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00617-5","volume":"20","author":"AA McBride","year":"2022","unstructured":"McBride AA. 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All 1,315 women who voluntarily attended the health unit were invited to participate in the study. After agreeing to participate, they were fully informed about all stages of the study, including its objectives and rationale, and their participation was confirmed by reading and signing the Informed Consent Form (ICF). The project title is \u201cProspective Study to Evaluate the Association between Molecular HPV Testing and Cytological Examination (Papanicolaou Test) in Cervical Cancer Screening,\u201d approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Evandro Chagas Institute, under registration number 59.511\/CAAE 01977312.4.0000.0019. 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