{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T09:19:14Z","timestamp":1788427154700,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":49,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang","award":["2023KY309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023KY309"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virol J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Viral encephalitis refers to the inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by viral infection, usually manifested as fever, unconsciousness, seizures, and meningeal irritation symptoms. The non-specific clinical manifestations, combined with incomplete medical history, often lead to missed diagnoses and inappropriate treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present a case of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) encephalitis, manifesting as isolated left parietal lobe involvement. The patient is a chronic hepatitis B virus carrier who did not receive antiviral therapy. Upon onset, the main symptoms were unconsciousness, fever, and seizures. He was diagnosed with HBV encephalitis thru next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). After antiviral treatment with entecavir and general symptomatic treatment, the patient\u2019s clinical symptoms disappeared, and a follow-up brain MRI showed that the lesion had almost completely resolved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Central nervous system (CNS) infections caused by HBV are incredibly uncommon in clinical practice. This case highlights that the clinical manifestations of HBV encephalitis are nonspecific and prone to being missed, while neuroimaging often reveals an isolated lesion. Early application of NGS for accurate pathogen diagnosis is crucial to reduce misdiagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-026-03253-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T14:39:25Z","timestamp":1784212765000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["NGS-diagnosed HBV encephalitis with isolated left parietal lobe involvement: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zihan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangning","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"3253_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.3390\/v16040618","volume":"16","author":"B Songtanin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Songtanin B, Chaisrimaneepan N, Mend\u00f3za R, Nugent K. Burden, outcome, and comorbidities of extrahepatic manifestations in hepatitis B virus infections. Viruses. 2024;16(4):618.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"2","key":"3253_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001575","volume":"117","author":"P Cacoub","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cacoub P, Asselah T. Hepatitis B virus infection and extra-hepatic manifestations: a systemic disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022;117(2):253\u201363.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3253_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2025.2201","volume":"82","author":"X Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng X, Shang H, Liu L. Isolated hepatitis B virus\u2014A rare cause of brain damage. 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Virulence. 2022;13(1):258\u201396.","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"4","key":"3253_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2008.01.002","volume":"41","author":"J Inoue","year":"2008","unstructured":"Inoue J, Ueno Y, Kogure T, Nagasaki F, Kimura O, Obara N, Kido O, Nakagome Y, Kakazu E, Matsuda Y et al. Analysis of the full-length genome of hepatitis B virus in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with acute hepatitis B and transverse myelitis. J Clin Virol Off Publ Pan Am Soc Clin Virol. 2008;41(4):301\u20134.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol Off Publ Pan Am Soc Clin Virol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3253_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12249","volume":"20","author":"B Oyanguren","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oyanguren B, S\u00e1nchez V, Gonz\u00e1lez FJ, De Felipe A, Esteban L, L\u00f3pez-Send\u00f3n JL, Garcia-Barrag\u00e1n N, Mart\u00ednez-San Mill\u00e1n J, Masju\u00e1n J. Corral I. Limbic encephalitis: a clinical-radiological comparison between herpetic and autoimmune etiologies. Eur J Neurol. 2013;20(12):1566\u201370.","journal-title":"EEur J Neurol"},{"key":"3253_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanvito F, Pichiecchio A, Paoletti M, Rebella G, Resaz M, Benedetti L, Massa F, Morbelli S, Caverzasi E, Asteggiano C et al. Autoimmune encephalitis: what the radiologist needs to know. Neuroradiology. 2024;66(5):653\u201375.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-024-03318-x"},{"issue":"2","key":"3253_CR9","first-page":"114","volume":"118","author":"SN Dharmana","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dharmana SN, Singh H, Dhibar DP, Bajaj R, Singh A, Chatterjee D, Kaur H, Suri V. Bhalla A. Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis: an unusual case of brain abscess. QJM Monthly J Assoc Phys. 2025;118(2):114\u20135.","journal-title":"QJM Monthly J Assoc Phys"}],"container-title":["Virology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12985-026-03253-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12985-026-03253-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12985-026-03253-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T08:59:58Z","timestamp":1788425998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12985-026-03253-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12985-026-03253-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-422X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-422X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Huzhou Central Hospital (No. 2025-215-yan-02) and conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent for participation was obtained from the patient.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from the patient in this case.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"207"}}