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Positive specimens were confirmed by amplification of an independent VP1 target and bidirectional Sanger sequencing following conventional PCR re-amplification. Clinical, laboratory, and outcome data were compared using appropriate statistical tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MCPyV DNA was detected in 6\/46 patients (13.0%), all of whom were HIV-positive (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001; sensitivity analysis excluding patients with unknown HIV status,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002). Four isolates belonged to genotype I and two to genotype IIc. Compared with MCPyV-negative patients, MCPyV-positive patients had higher CSF lymphocyte percentages (89% vs. 84%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.048), higher protein concentrations (79 vs. 68\u00a0mg\/dL;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022), lower glucose concentrations (51 vs. 55\u00a0mg\/dL;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.038), and more frequent altered consciousness (83.3% vs. 37.5%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.039). EBV DNA co-detection was identified in one MCPyV-positive patient.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MCPyV DNA was detected exclusively in HIV-positive children and was associated with inflammatory CSF abnormalities. These findings suggest a possible association between MCPyV detection, immunosuppression, and CNS inflammation but do not establish causality. Larger multicenter studies are required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-026-03261-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T15:04:31Z","timestamp":1784991871000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Merkel cell polyomavirus DNA in CSF of paediatric patients with suspected meningitis or encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Negar","family":"Hemmati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh Hoda","family":"Fallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahman Abedi","family":"Kiasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3261_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8010016","volume":"8","author":"S Delbue","year":"2019","unstructured":"Delbue S, Franciotta D, Giannella S, Dolci M, Signorini L, Ticozzi R, et al. 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