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Fewer models of hydrocephalus in gyrencephalic species have been used; thus, we have expanded upon a porcine model of hydrocephalus in juvenile pigs and used it to explore surgical treatment methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acquired hydrocephalus was induced in 33\u201341-day old pigs by percutaneous intracisternal injections of kaolin (n\u2009=\u200917). Controls consisted of sham saline-injected (n\u2009=\u20096) and intact (n\u2009=\u20094) animals. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was employed to evaluate ventriculomegaly at 11\u201342\u00a0days post-kaolin and to plan the surgical implantation of ventriculoperitoneal shunts at 14\u201338-days post-kaolin. Behavioral and neurological status were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bilateral ventriculomegaly occurred post-induction in all regions of the cerebral ventricles, with prominent CSF flow voids in the third ventricle, foramina of Monro, and cerebral aqueduct. Kaolin deposits formed a solid cast in the basal cisterns but the cisterna magna was patent. In 17 untreated hydrocephalic animals. Mean total ventricular volume was 8898\u2009\u00b1\u20095917 SD mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>at 11\u201343\u00a0days of age, which was significantly larger than the baseline values of 2251\u2009\u00b1\u2009194 SD mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>for 6 sham controls aged 45\u201355\u00a0days, (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Past the post-induction recovery period, untreated pigs were asymptomatic despite exhibiting mild-moderate ventriculomegaly. Three out of 4 shunted animals showed a reduction in ventricular volume after 20\u201330\u00a0days of treatment, however some developed ataxia and lethargy, from putative shunt malfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kaolin induction of acquired hydrocephalus in juvenile pigs produced an in vivo model that is highly translational, allowing systematic studies of the pathophysiology and clinical treatment of hydrocephalus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-021-00281-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T16:02:43Z","timestamp":1636387363000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A novel model of acquired hydrocephalus for evaluation of neurosurgical treatments"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"suffix":"II","given":"James P.","family":"McAllister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Talcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert M.","family":"Isaacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah H.","family":"Zwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Garcia-Bonilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro","family":"Castaneyra-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis L.","family":"Hartman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan N.","family":"Dilger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca K.","family":"Golden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego M.","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn A.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"David D.","family":"Limbrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"281_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-9-18","volume":"9","author":"M Vinchon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vinchon M, Rekate H, Kulkarni AV. 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