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In zebrafish, two paralogs of\n                      <jats:italic>claudin-5a<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>-5b<\/jats:italic>\n                      are expressed while their roles in the formation of BBB and BCSFB are unclear.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The expression patterns of Claudin-5a and -5b in zebrafish brains were systematically analyzed by immunofluorescence (IF) assay. The developmental functions of Claudin-5a and -5b were characterized by generating of\n                      <jats:italic>claudin-5a<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>-5b<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutants respectively. Meanwhile, the cerebral inflammation and cell apoptosis in\n                      <jats:italic>claudin-5a<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic>-\/-<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      were assessed by live imaging of transgenic zebrafish, RT-qPCR, IF, and TUNEL assay. The integrity of BBB and BCSFB was evaluated by in vivo angiographic and dye permeation assay. Finally, RT-qPCR, whole-mount RNA in situ hybridization (WISH), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were performed to investigate the development of cerebral vessels and choroid plexus.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We showed that Claudin-5a and -5b are both expressed in zebrafish cerebrovascular endothelial cells (ECs). In addition, Claudin-5a was strongly expressed in CP epithelial cells. Loss of Claudin-5b showed no effect on zebrafish vasculogenesis or BBB function. In contrast, the knockout of\n                      <jats:italic>claudin-5a<\/jats:italic>\n                      caused a lethal phenotype of severe whole-brain oedema, ventricular dilatation, and cerebral hernia in zebrafish larvae, although the cerebral vasculogenesis and the development of CP were not altered. In\n                      <jats:italic>claudin-5a<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic>-\/-<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      , although ultrastructural analysis of CP and cerebral capillary showed intact integrity of epithelial and endothelial tight junctions, permeability assay indicated a disruption of both BBB and BCSFB functions. On the molecular level, it was found that ZO-1 was upregulated in the CP epithelium of\n                      <jats:italic>claudin-5a<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic>-\/-<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      , while the notch and shh pathway responsible for CP development was not affected due to loss of Claudin-5a.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings verified a non-functional role of zebrafish Claudin-5b in the BBB and identified Claudin-5a as the ortholog of mammalian Claudin-5, contributing to the development and the functional maintenance of both BBB and BCSFB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-022-00337-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T01:02:36Z","timestamp":1654218156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Claudin-5a is essential for the functional formation of both zebrafish blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yanyu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunchun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqian","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"337_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.07.030","volume":"37","author":"NJ Abbott","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abbott NJ, Patabendige AA, Dolman DE, Yusof SR, Begley DJ. 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