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New diagnostic methods assess \u03b1-synuclein aggregation characteristics from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and recent pathophysiologic mechanisms suggest that CSF circulation disruptions may precipitate \u03b1-synuclein retention. Here, diffusion-weighted MRI with low-to-intermediate diffusion-weightings was applied to test the hypothesis that CSF motion is reduced in Parkinson\u2019s disease relative to healthy participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Multi-shell diffusion weighted MRI (spatial resolution\u2009=\u20091.8\u2009\u00d7\u20091.8\u2009\u00d7\u20094.0\u00a0mm) with low-to-intermediate diffusion weightings (\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      -values\u2009=\u20090, 50, 100, 200, 300, 700, and 1000\u00a0s\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) was applied over the approximate kinetic range of suprasellar cistern fluid motion at 3 Tesla in Parkinson\u2019s disease (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200927; age\u2009=\u200966\u2009\u00b1\u20096.7 years) and non-Parkinson\u2019s control (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200932; age\u2009=\u200968\u2009\u00b1\u20098.9 years) participants. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were applied to test the primary hypothesis that the noise floor-corrected decay rate of CSF signal as a function of\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value, which reflects increasing fluid motion, is reduced within the suprasellar cistern of persons with versus without Parkinson\u2019s disease and inversely relates to choroid plexus activity assessed from perfusion-weighted MRI (significance-criteria:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Consistent with the primary hypothesis, CSF decay rates were higher in healthy (\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.00673\u2009\u00b1\u20090.00213 mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/s) relative to Parkinson\u2019s disease (\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.00517\u2009\u00b1\u20090.00110 mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/s) participants. This finding was preserved after controlling for age and sex and was observed in the posterior region of the suprasellar cistern (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). An inverse correlation between choroid plexus perfusion and decay rate in the voxels within the suprasellar cistern (Spearman\u2019s-\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =-0.312;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.019) was observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multi-shell diffusion MRI was applied to identify reduced CSF motion at the level of the suprasellar cistern in adults with versus without Parkinson\u2019s disease; the strengths and limitations of this methodology are discussed in the context of the growing literature on CSF flow.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00542-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T07:02:09Z","timestamp":1715238129000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Reduced cerebrospinal fluid motion in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease revealed by magnetic resonance imaging with low b-value diffusion weighted imaging"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Pierobon Mays","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kilian","family":"Hett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarrod","family":"Eisma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin D.","family":"McKnight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Elenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander K.","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciaran","family":"Considine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley T.","family":"Richerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caleb","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel O.","family":"Claassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manus J.","family":"Donahue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10291","key":"542_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X","volume":"397","author":"BR Bloem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bloem BR, Okun MS, Klein C. 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Donahue receives research related support from the National Institutes of Health (NINDS, NCI, NIA, NCCIH, NINR, and NHLBI), Philips Healthcare and is a paid consultant for Graphite Bio, Pfizer Inc, Global Blood Therapeutics, and LymphaTouch. He is a paid advisory board member for Novartis and bluebird bio and receives research funding from the National Institutes of Health and Pfizer Inc. Manus J. Donahue is also the CEO of Biosight Inc which operates as a clinical research organization and provides healthcare technology vendor services. Ciaran Considine\u2019s financial disclosures include those associated with his private consulting practice, NeuropsyConsulting LLC, i.e., Forensic Consulting with Park Dietz & Associates, clinical-research advisory panel member with MDisrupt, external advisory board for HD Genetics. He also receives academic-research grant support from the NIH, NIA, and DoD, and acts as PI on an investigator-initiated clinical study funded by Acadia. Daniel O. Claassen has received research support from the NIH\/NINDS\/NIA\/NICHD\/NCCIH, Department of Defense, Griffin Family Foundation, and Huntington Disease Society of America; he has received pharmaceutical grant support from AbbVie, Alterity, Acadia, Biogen, BMS, Cerecour, Eli Lilly, Genentech-Roche, Lundbeck, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Neurocrine, Teva Neuroscience, Wave Life Sciences, UniQure, and Vaccinex. He has received personal fees for consulting from Acadia, Alterity, Adamas, Anexon, Ceruvel, Lundbeck, Neurocrine, Spark, Uniqure, and Teva Neuroscience.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}},{"value":"Available upon request.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"No authors declare any relevant conflicts or disclosures regarding the work presented in this manuscript. Manus J. Donahue receives research related support from the National Institutes of Health (NINDS, NCI, NIA, NCCIH, NINR, and NHLBI), Philips Healthcare and is a paid consultant for Graphite Bio, Pfizer Inc, Global Blood Therapeutics, and LymphaTouch. He is a paid advisory board member for Novartis and bluebird bio and receives research funding from the National Institutes of Health and Pfizer Inc. Manus J. Donahue is also the CEO of Biosight Inc which operates as a clinical research organization and provides healthcare technology vendor services. Ciaran Considine?s financial disclosures include those associated with his private consulting practice, NeuropsyConsulting LLC, i.e., Forensic Consulting with Park Dietz & Associates, clinical-research advisory panel member with MDisrupt, external advisory board for HD Genetics. He also receives academic-research grant support from the NIH, NIA, and DoD, and acts as PI on an investigator-initiated clinical study funded by Acadia. Daniel O. Claassen has received research support from the NIH\/NINDS\/NIA\/NICHD\/NCCIH, Department of Defense, Griffin Family Foundation, and Huntington Disease Society of America; he has received pharmaceutical grant support from AbbVie, Alterity, Acadia, Biogen, BMS, Cerecour, Eli Lilly, Genentech-Roche, Lundbeck, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Neurocrine, Teva Neuroscience, Wave Life Sciences, UniQure, and Vaccinex. He has received personal fees for consulting from Acadia, Alterity, Adamas, Anexon, Ceruvel, Lundbeck, Neurocrine, Spark, Uniqure, and Teva Neuroscience.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"40"}}