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Ethical approval was obtained from University of Montreal\u2019s <i>Comate d'\u00e9thique de la recherche en sant\u00e9<\/i> (Certificate 16-153-CERES-D).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors provide their consent for publication. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants for publication of their individual details and accompanying images in this manuscript. The consent form is held by the authors and is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"VR has served as a consultant on the issue of user-fee abolition to non-governmental organisations. VR was a co-researcher on the baseline study of the impact evaluation of PBF in Burkina Faso, but has received no salary from the funding body (the World Bank) for this activity. MDA is lead investigator on several process and impact evaluations of PBF in SSA countries, but did not receive direct payments from the funders. The funders did not take part in the preparation or publication of this manuscript. The authors have no conflicts of interests regarding the publication of this paper.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"6"}}