{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T02:45:53Z","timestamp":1773456353663,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600646400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Global Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nepal, a South Asian country, was in nationwide lockdown for nearly three months in 2020 with partial restrictions still in place. Much worryingly, COVID-19 induced restrictions have confined women and young girls in their home, increasing the risk of domestic violence. The available support system to respond to violence against women and girls (VAWG) has also been disrupted during this period. The figures of violence against women, and child sexual abuse are increasingly being reported during the lockdown and thereafter. To mitigate this, a response against VAWG should not be a missing agenda. This commentary focuses on the situation of VAWG during COVID-19 induced restrictions in Nepal and offers a way forward for addressing the issue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-020-00616-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T11:02:53Z","timestamp":1600686173000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Mitigating violence against women and young girls during COVID-19 induced lockdown in Nepal: a wake-up call"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Minakshi","family":"Dahal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1057-5700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pratik","family":"Khanal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sajana","family":"Maharjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bindu","family":"Panthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sushil","family":"Nepal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"616_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.11.089888","volume":"89","author":"T Palermo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Palermo T, Peterman A. Undercounting, overcounting and the longevity of flawed estimates: statistics on sexual violence in conflict. Bull World Health Organ. 2011;89(12):924\u20135.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"616_CR2","volume-title":"Pandemics and violence against Women and children [internet]","author":"A Peterman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peterman A, Potts A, O\u2019donnell M, Thompson K, Shah N, Oertelt-Prigione S, et al. Pandemics and violence against Women and children [internet]. 2020. Available from: www.cgdev.org."},{"key":"616_CR3","unstructured":"UN Women. The Impact of COVID-19 on Women. United Nations. 2020:21. Available from: https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en\/digital-library\/publications\/2020\/04\/policy-brief-the-impact-of-covid-19-on-women."},{"key":"616_CR4","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Global Gender Gap Report 2020: Insight Report","author":"World Economic Forum","year":"2019","unstructured":"World Economic Forum. Global Gender Gap Report 2020: Insight Report; 2019. p. 1\u2013371. Available from: http:\/\/www3.weforum.org\/docs\/WEF_GGGR_2020.pdf."},{"issue":"1","key":"616_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-020-01210-7","volume":"19","author":"B Panthi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Panthi B, Khanal P, Dahal M, Maharjan S, Nepal S. An urgent call to address the nutritional status of women and children in Nepal during COVID-19 crises. Int J Equity Health. 2020;19(1):87.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"616_CR6","unstructured":"Jaya S. In Nepal, a helpline serves as a lifeline for survivors during COVID-19 lockdown. World Bank. 2020. https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/endpovertyinsouthasia\/nepal-helpline-serves-lifeline-survivorsduring-covid-19-lockdown."},{"key":"616_CR7","unstructured":"Central Bureau of Statistics. Report on the Nepal Labour Force Survey 2017\/18. Cent Bur Stat. 2019; Available from: https:\/\/nepalindata.com\/media\/resources\/items\/20\/bNLFS-III_Final-Report.pdf."},{"key":"616_CR8","unstructured":"Chhetri Santosh. In Nepal, COVID 19 turning pregnancy excitement into fear [Internet]. United Nations Population Fund. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 16]. Available from: https:\/\/www.unfpa.org\/news\/nepal-covid-19-turning-pregnancy-excitement-fear."},{"key":"616_CR9","unstructured":"Namrata Sharma. In Nepal lockdown, a domestic violence spike. Nepali Times [Internet]. 2020 May 5; Available from: https:\/\/www.nepalitimes.com\/latest\/in-nepal-lockdown-a-domestic-violence-spike\/."},{"key":"616_CR10","unstructured":"UNFPA. Millions more cases of violence, child marriage, female genital mutilation, unintended pregnancy expected due to the COVID-19 pandemic [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 28]. Available from: https:\/\/www.unfpa.org\/news\/millions-more-cases-violence-child-marriage-female-genital-mutilation-unintended-pregnancies."},{"key":"616_CR11","unstructured":"Girls Not Brides. Explore the child marriage Atlas [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jun 1]. Available from: https:\/\/www.girlsnotbrides.org\/where-does-it-happen\/atlas\/."},{"key":"616_CR12","volume-title":"Child marriages up during Nepal lockdown. Nepali Times","author":"Namrata Sharma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Namrata Sharma. Child marriages up during Nepal lockdown. Nepali Times. 2020; Available from: https:\/\/www.nepalitimes.com\/latest\/child-marriages-up-during-nepal-lockdown\/?fbclid=IwAR3t5TBGDARwTsw_L0FLzsmOKTjF-UDACywxDWKn43Fc_HEVOFl7eW-rg-4."},{"key":"616_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sekine K, Hodgkin ME. Effect of child marriage on girls\u2019 school dropout in Nepal: analysis of data from the multiple Indicator cluster survey 2014. PLoS One. 2017;12(7):1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180176"},{"key":"616_CR14","volume-title":"648 women committed suicide during lockdown: Police. Khabarhub","author":"Khabarhub","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khabarhub. 648 women committed suicide during lockdown: Police. Khabarhub. 2020; Available from: https:\/\/english.khabarhub.com\/2020\/15\/104698\/."},{"issue":"10227","key":"616_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30526-2","volume":"395","author":"C Wenham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wenham C, Smith J, Morgan R. COVID-19: the gendered impacts of the outbreak. Lancet. 2020;395(10227):846\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30526-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Globalization and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12992-020-00616-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12992-020-00616-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12992-020-00616-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T23:20:11Z","timestamp":1632180011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/globalizationandhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12992-020-00616-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["616"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12992-020-00616-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-8603"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-8603","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The views are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the positions of their employing organizations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"84"}}