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This article examines how the Foundation has developed an unparalleled capacity to rally other donors to its priorities, which include the development and distribution of technological tools to reduce the burden of infectious disease and child mortality in the world\u2019s most impoverished regions. Using publicly available data, the article analyses the Gates Foundation\u2019s strategic engagement in Europe, focusing on its bureaucratic presence, government relations, and grant-making in its three European focus countries: the United Kingdom (UK), Germany and France. It highlights that, since 2010, the Gates Foundation has built a bureaucratic infrastructure akin to a diplomatic service, establishing country offices in London and Berlin alongside representation in Paris, Brussels and Stockholm. Through regular engagement with elected officials and bureaucrats in these nations, the Foundation has forged many strategic partnerships, effectively leveraging European states\u2019 diplomatic power in wider political forums and alliances. Moreover, the Foundation has disbursed billions in grants to recipients in the UK, Germany, and France to advance research and innovation on its priority health issues, implement programs in poor countries, and develop policy and advocacy related to global health and development. Combined, these efforts have contributed to securing substantial and recurrent government co-investment in Gates-supported initiatives. The article proposes that the Foundation exercises a form of \u2018network diplomacy\u2019 that entails building and maintaining wide networks across European societies with the aim of aligning donor governments\u2019 overseas development assistance and policies with the Foundation\u2019s strategic objectives in global health and development. The concept of network diplomacy offers a new perspective on how the Gates Foundation has consolidated and expanded its transnational political presence through an approach that is strategic, bureaucratised and institutionalised, rather than simply a product of its financial might. The findings amplify existing concerns regarding the sway of private foundations over public policy, their impact on democratic accountability and governance in donor states, and the resultant implications for the Foundation\u2019s intended beneficiaries in low- and middle-income countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-025-01112-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:35:10Z","timestamp":1745454910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Gates Foundation\u2019s network diplomacy in European donor countries"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Antoine","family":"de Bengy Puyvall\u00e9e","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katerini Tagmatarchi","family":"Storeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Rushton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1112_CR1","unstructured":"IHME \u201cFinancing global health: sources of development assistance for health (DAH)\u201d. 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Available from:\u00a0https:\/\/www.worldhealthsummit.org\/partner\/sponsoring-partners.html."}],"container-title":["Globalization and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12992-025-01112-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12992-025-01112-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12992-025-01112-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:36:11Z","timestamp":1745454971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/globalizationandhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12992-025-01112-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12992-025-01112-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-8603"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-8603","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research (Sikt) approved the project and its procedures for data management, data protection and archival in line with international standards (GDPR) (Reference #614023). The study relies on publicly available data and does not contain personal data, besides the names of the Gates Foundation\u2019s executive leadership (mentioned on the Gates Foundation\u2019s website\u00a0and official documents).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Katerini T. Storeng is co-Editor-in-Chief of Globalization and Health. Another co-Editor was assigned to assume responsibility for overseeing peer review, which was subject to the exact same review process as any other manuscript. Submissions by Editorial Board members are not given any priority over other manuscripts, and Editorial Board Member status has no bearing on editorial consideration. The authors declare no additional competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"22"}}