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Pinealectomy abolished the circadian rhythm of motor activity, measured for 48\u00a0h in the actimeter, in young adult but not in middle-aged rats. Pinealectomy reduced the motor activity of the young adult rats during the dark phase and impaired the diurnal activity variations of old rats. The same generations (3- and 18\u00a0month-old rats with pinealectomy) had lower anxiety levels than the matched sham groups, measured in three tests: elevated-plus maze, light\u2013dark test, and novelty-suppressed feeding test. While the activity of the HPA axis remained intact in young adult and middle-aged rats with melatonin deficiency, a high baseline corticosterone level and blunted stress-induced mechanism of its release were detected in the oldest rats. Age-associated reduced Hsp 70 and 90 levels in the FC but not in the hippocampus were detected. Pinealectomy diminished the expression of Hsp 70 in the FC of middle-aged rats compared to the matched sham rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results suggest that while melatonin hormonal dysfunction impaired the motor activity in the actimeter and emotional behavior in young adult and elderly rats, the underlying pathogenic mechanism in these generations might be different and needs further verification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993-024-00229-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T05:02:13Z","timestamp":1709010133000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The role of melatonin deficiency induced by pinealectomy on motor activity and anxiety responses in young adult, middle-aged and old rats"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jana","family":"Tchekalarova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desislava","family":"Krushovlieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petj","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zlatina","family":"Nenchovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gergana","family":"Toteva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Atanasova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"229_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(02)00018-9","volume":"133","author":"P Boguszewski","year":"2002","unstructured":"Boguszewski P, Zagrodzka J. emotional changes related to age in rats\u2014a behavioral analysis. 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Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2013;111:44\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PBB.2013.08.006.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"}],"container-title":["Behavioral and Brain Functions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12993-024-00229-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12993-024-00229-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12993-024-00229-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T05:03:46Z","timestamp":1709010226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/behavioralandbrainfunctions.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12993-024-00229-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["229"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12993-024-00229-y","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3338657\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1744-9081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-9081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Male Wistar rats purchased by the vivarium of the Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The experimental design was elaborated in accordance with the European Communities Council Directive 2010\/63\/ E.U. for animal experiments and approved by the Bulgarian Food Safety Agency (research project: # 300\/N\u25e65888\u20130183).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. We further confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all of us. We understand that the Corresponding Author is the sole contact for the Editorial process. She is responsible for communicating with the other authors about progress, submissions of revisions and final approval of proofs.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3"}}