{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:38:06Z","timestamp":1792791486149,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Occup Med Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the middle of the twentieth century, the from North America sooty bark disease (SBD) of maples was first discovered in England and has spread in the last decades in Central Europe, in particular. The trigger of SBD is the mould fungus Cryptostroma (C.) corticale. The most common infested maple is the sycamore, <jats:italic>Acer pseudoplatanus<\/jats:italic>, a common tree in woods and parks. The disease is characterised by peeling of the outer layer of the bark and brownish-black spores under the peeled off bark. These spores can cause maple bark disease (MBD) in humans, a hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) with similar symptoms like COPD, allergic asthma, influenza or flu-like infections and interstitial pneumonia. Persons who have intensive respectively occupational contact with infested trees or wood, e.g., woodman, foresters, sawyers or paper mill workers, are at risk in particular. Since C. corticale favours hot summers and host trees weakened by drought, SBD will increasingly spread in the future due to ongoing climate change. Consequently, the risk of developing MBD will increase, too. As with all HPs, e.g., farmer\u2019s lung and pigeon breeder\u2019s disease, the diagnosis of MBD is intricate because it has no clear distinguishing characteristics compared to other interstitial lung diseases. Therefore, the establishment of consistent diagnosis guidelines is required. For correct diagnosis and successful therapy, multidisciplinary expertise including pulmonologists, radiologists, pathologists and occupational physicians is recommended. If MBD is diagnosed in time, the removal of the triggering fungus or the infested maple wood leads to complete recovery in most cases. Chronic HP can lead to lung fibrosis and a total loss of lung function culminating in death. HP and, thus, MBD, is a disease with a very high occupational amount. To avoid contact with spores of C. corticale, persons working on infested wood or trees have to wear personal protective equipment. To protect the public, areas with infested maples have to be cordoned off, and the trees should be removed. This is also for impeding further spreading of the spores.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12995-021-00292-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T10:04:30Z","timestamp":1611223470000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Sooty bark disease of maples: the risk for hypersensitivity pneumonitis by fungal spores not only for woodman"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3393-2851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Braun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"Klingelh\u00f6fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Groneberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"292_CR1","volume-title":"Forest Pathology. Sooty-Bark Disease of Maple","author":"JJ Worral","year":"2020","unstructured":"Worral JJ. Forest Pathology. Sooty-Bark Disease of Maple. https:\/\/forestpathology.org\/canker\/sooty-bark-maple\/. (Accessed on 13 August 2020). 2020."},{"issue":"6","key":"292_CR2","first-page":"871","volume":"59","author":"K Ohman","year":"1969","unstructured":"Ohman K, John H, Kenneth J, Kessler J, Meyer GC. Control of Cryptostroma corticale on stored sugar maple pulpwood. Phytopathology. 1969;59(6):871\u20133.","journal-title":"Phytopathology."},{"key":"292_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/164275a0","volume":"164","author":"PH Gregory","year":"1949","unstructured":"Gregory PH, Peace TR, Waller S. Death of sycamore trees associated with an unidentified fungus. Nature. 1949;164:275.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"292_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1536(51)80043-3","volume":"34","author":"PH Gregory","year":"1951","unstructured":"Gregory PH, Waller S. Cryptostroma corticale and sooty bark disease of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus). Trans Br Mycol Soc. 1951;34(4):579\u201397.","journal-title":"Trans Br Mycol Soc"},{"key":"292_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1932.02740580021005","volume":"99","author":"JW Towey","year":"1932","unstructured":"Towey JW, Sweany HC, Huron WH. Severe bronchial asthma apparently due to fungus spores found in maple bark. J Amer Med Assoc. 1932;99:453\u20139.","journal-title":"J Amer Med Assoc"},{"key":"292_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196202152660704","volume":"26","author":"DA Emanuel","year":"1962","unstructured":"Emanuel DA, Lawton BR, Wenzel FJ. Maple-bark disease. Pneumonitis due to Coniosporium corticale. N Engl J Med. 1962;26:333\u20137.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"292_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.1984.tb02642.x","volume":"33","author":"GP Bevercombe","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bevercombe GP, Rayner ADM. Population structure of Cryptostroma corticate, the causal fungusof sooty bark disease of sycamore. Plant Pathol. 1984;33(2):211\u20137.","journal-title":"Plant Pathol"},{"key":"292_CR8","volume-title":"Global Database. Cryptostroma corticale (CRPSCO)","author":"EPPO","year":"2020","unstructured":"EPPO. Global Database. Cryptostroma corticale (CRPSCO). https:\/\/gd.eppo.int\/taxon\/CRPSCO. (Accessed on 17 August 2020). 2020."},{"issue":"7","key":"292_CR9","first-page":"100","volume":"17","author":"HP Plate","year":"1965","unstructured":"Plate HP, Schneider R. Ein Fall von asthmaartiger Allergie, verursacht durch den Pilz Cryptostroma corticale. Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes. 1965;17(7):100\u20131.","journal-title":"Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes"},{"issue":"1","key":"292_CR10","first-page":"136","volume":"55","author":"CMO Longa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Longa CMO, Vai N, Maresi G. Cryptostroma corticale in the northern Apennines (Italy). Phytopathol Mediterr. 2016;55(1):136\u20138.","journal-title":"Phytopathol Mediterr"},{"key":"292_CR11","volume-title":"First reports of Cryptostroma corticale causing sooty bark disease in Acer sp. in Canton Geneva","author":"B Cochard","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cochard B., Crovadore J., Bovigny PY., Chablais R., Lefort F. First reports of Cryptostroma corticale causing sooty bark disease in Acer sp. in Canton Geneva, Switzerland. New Disease Reports. 2015;31(8)."},{"issue":"2","key":"292_CR12","first-page":"101","volume":"15","author":"S Bencheva","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bencheva S. First report of Cryptostroma corticale (Ellis & Everh.) P.H. Greg. & S. Waller on Acer platanoides L. in Bulgaria. Silva Balcanica. 2014;15(2):101\u20134.","journal-title":"Silva Balcanica"},{"issue":"1","key":"292_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/efp.12129","volume":"45","author":"O Koukol","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koukol O, Kelnarov\u00e1 I, Cern\u00fd K. Recent observations of sooty bark disease of sycamore maple in Prague (Czech Republic) and the phylogenetic placement of Cryptostroma corticale. For Pathol. 2015;45(1):21\u20137.","journal-title":"For Pathol"},{"key":"292_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelnarova I, Cerny K, Zahradnik D, Koukol O. Widespread latent infection of Cryptostroma corticale in asymptomatic Acer pseudoplatanus as a risk for urban plantations. Forest Pathology. 2017;47(4).","DOI":"10.1111\/efp.12344"},{"issue":"25","key":"292_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196606232742504","volume":"274","author":"DA Emanuel","year":"1966","unstructured":"Emanuel DA, Wenzel FJ, Lawton BR. Pneumonitis due to Cryptostroma corticale (maple-bark disease). N Engl J Med. 1966;274(25):1413\u20138.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"292_CR16","volume-title":"Bayrisches Landesamt f\u00fcr Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit. Ru\u00dfrindenkrankheit","author":"LGL","year":"2019","unstructured":"LGL. Bayrisches Landesamt f\u00fcr Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit. Ru\u00dfrindenkrankheit. https:\/\/www.lgl.bayern.de\/gesundheit\/arbeitsplatz_umwelt\/biologische_umweltfaktoren\/russrindenkrankheit\/index.htm. (Accessed on 26 August 2020). 2019."},{"key":"292_CR17","volume-title":"EUFORGEN technical guidelines for genetic conserva-tion and use for sycamore (Acerpseudoplatanus)","author":"M Rusanen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rusanen M, Myking T. EUFORGEN technical guidelines for genetic conserva-tion and use for sycamore (Acerpseudoplatanus). Rome: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute; 2003."},{"key":"292_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ellis JB, Everhart BM. New species of hyphomycetes fungi. Journal of Mycology. 1889;5(2):68\u201372.","DOI":"10.2307\/3752309"},{"key":"292_CR19","volume-title":"Die Ru\u00dfrindenkrankheit der Ahorne","author":"DGfM. German Mycological Society","year":"2020","unstructured":"DGfM. German Mycological Society. Die Ru\u00dfrindenkrankheit der Ahorne. https:\/\/www.dgfm-ev.de\/infothek\/spezial\/ahorn-russrinden-krankheit. (Accessed on 08 September 2020). 2020."},{"key":"292_CR20","volume-title":"The morphology and physiology of Cryptostroma corticale","author":"SD Abbey","year":"1978","unstructured":"Abbey SD. The morphology and physiology of Cryptostroma corticale. Loughborough, United Kingdom: Loughborough University; 1978."},{"issue":"81","key":"292_CR21","first-page":"45","volume":"21","author":"SD Abbey","year":"1978","unstructured":"Abbey SD, Stretton RJ. Electron microscope study of Cryptostroma corticale. Cytobios. 1978;21(81):45\u201355.","journal-title":"Cytobios."},{"key":"292_CR22","first-page":"23","volume":"65","author":"TL Cech","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cech TL. Sooty bark disease endangers stands of sycamore maple in Lower Austria. Forstschutz Aktuell. 2019;65:23\u20138.","journal-title":"Forstschutz Aktuell"},{"issue":"Apr","key":"292_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1536(81)80136-2","volume":"76","author":"S Dickenson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Dickenson S, Wheeler BEJ. Effects of temperature, and water-stress in sycamore, on growth of Cryptostroma-Corticale. Trans Br Mycol Soc. 1981;76(Apr):181\u20135.","journal-title":"Trans Br Mycol Soc"},{"key":"292_CR24","first-page":"8","volume-title":"Sooty bark disease of sycamore. Arboricultural Leaflet","author":"CWT Young","year":"1978","unstructured":"Young CWT. Sooty bark disease of sycamore. Arboricultural Leaflet. London: Department of the Environment. H.M.S.O; 1978. p. 8."},{"key":"292_CR25","volume-title":"Ru\u00dfrindenkrankheit an Ahorn \u2013 Erstfund in Bayern","author":"K Bork","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bork K. Ru\u00dfrindenkrankheit an Ahorn \u2013 Erstfund in Bayern. AZV Der Wald 20\/2018. https:\/\/www.waldwissen.net\/waldwirtschaft\/schaden\/pilze_nematoden\/lwf_russrinde\/AFZ_20_18_Russrindenkrankheit.pdf. (Accessed on 27 August 2020). 2018."},{"key":"292_CR26","volume-title":"The Health of Non-Woodland Trees in England during 1999 and 2000. Arboriculture Research and Information Note","author":"D Lonsdale","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lonsdale D, MacAskill GA, Rose DR, Tilbury C, Thorpe KV. The Health of Non-Woodland Trees in England during 1999 and 2000. Arboriculture Research and Information Note; 2003."},{"key":"292_CR27","first-page":"197","volume":"49","author":"TR Peace","year":"1955","unstructured":"Peace TR. Sooty bark disease of sycamorea disease in eclipse. Quarterly Jourool of Forestry. 1955;49:197\u2013204.","journal-title":"Quarterly Jourool of Forestry"},{"key":"292_CR28","volume-title":"Julius K\u00fchn-Institut. Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants. Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture of Germany. Express-PRA zu Cryptostroma corticale","author":"JKI","year":"2018","unstructured":"JKI. Julius K\u00fchn-Institut. Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants. Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture of Germany. Express-PRA zu Cryptostroma corticale. https:\/\/pflanzengesundheit.julius-kuehn.de\/dokumente\/upload\/CryptostromaCorticale_express-pra.pdf. (Accessed on 24 August 2020). 2018."},{"key":"292_CR29","volume-title":"Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Drought Monitor Germany","author":"UFZ","year":"2020","unstructured":"UFZ. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Drought Monitor Germany. https:\/\/www.ufz.de\/index.php?de=37937. (Accessed on 30 September 2020). 2020."},{"key":"292_CR30","volume-title":"Bayrische Landesanstalt f\u00fcr wald und Forstwirtschaft. Neuer gesundheitssch\u00e4dlicher Erreger am Ahorn entdeckt - Blickpunkt Waldschutz 10\/2018","author":"LWF","year":"2018","unstructured":"LWF. Bayrische Landesanstalt f\u00fcr wald und Forstwirtschaft. Neuer gesundheitssch\u00e4dlicher Erreger am Ahorn entdeckt - Blickpunkt Waldschutz 10\/2018. http:\/\/www.lwf.bayern.de\/waldschutz\/phytopathologie\/197141\/index.php. (Accessed on 26 August 2020). 2018."},{"key":"292_CR31","volume-title":"Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-W\u00fcrtemberg. Die Ahorn-Ru\u00dfrindenkrankheit in S\u00fcdwestdeutschland: Gefahren, Prognose und Empfehlungen","author":"FVA","year":"2020","unstructured":"FVA. Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-W\u00fcrtemberg. Die Ahorn-Ru\u00dfrindenkrankheit in S\u00fcdwestdeutschland: Gefahren, Prognose und Empfehlungen. https:\/\/www.fva-bw.de\/fileadmin\/publikationen\/wsinfo\/wsinfo2020_02.pdf. (Accessed on 26 August 2020). 2020."},{"key":"292_CR32","unstructured":"Landesbetrieb. Wald und Holz Nordrhein-Westfalen. Waldschutz -Infomeldung Nr. 5 \/ 2019 vom 15.04.2019. Ru\u00dfrindenkrankheit (Cryptostroma corticale) an Ahorn. https:\/\/www.wald-und-holz.nrw.de\/fileadmin\/Waldschutz\/Dokumente\/190416_Info_5-2019__Russrindenerkrankung_Ahorn_2019_04_15.pdf. (Accessed on 26 August 2020). 2019."},{"key":"292_CR33","unstructured":"Aerzteblatt. Gesundheitsgefahr: Baumkrankheit breitet sich aus. https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/nachrichten\/102539\/Gesundheitsgefahr-Baumkrankheit-breitet-sich-aus. (Accessed on 26 August 2020). 2019."},{"issue":"3","key":"292_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1967.10664759","volume":"14","author":"FJ Wenzel","year":"1967","unstructured":"Wenzel FJ, Emanuel DA. The epidemiology of maple bark disease. Arch Environ Health. 1967;14(3):385\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"292_CR35","first-page":"857","volume":"3","author":"DA Tewksbury","year":"1968","unstructured":"Tewksbury DA, Wenzel FJ, Emanuel DA. An immunological study of maple bark disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 1968;3(8):857\u201363.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"292_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201203-0513CI","volume":"186","author":"M Selman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Selman M, Pardo A, King TE Jr. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: insights in diagnosis and pathobiology. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186(4):314\u201324.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"292_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcp.0000135675.95674.29","volume":"10","author":"LC Mohr","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mohr LC. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2004;10(5):401\u201311.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"292_CR38","first-page":"38","volume":"50","author":"J Sennekamp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sennekamp J, Lehmann E, Joest M. Work-related extrinsic allergic alveolitis. ASU Arbeitsmed Sozialmed Umweltmed. 2015;50:38\u201352.","journal-title":"ASU Arbeitsmed Sozialmed Umweltmed"},{"key":"292_CR39","first-page":"81s","volume":"32","author":"SJ Bourke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bourke SJ, Dalphin JC, Boyd G, McSharry C, Baldwin CI, Calvert JE. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: current concepts. Eur Respir J Suppl. 2001;32:81s\u201392s.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J Suppl"},{"issue":"2","key":"292_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2018.07.003","volume":"25","author":"R Nogueira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nogueira R, Melo N, Novais EBH, Martins N, Delgado L, Morais A, et al. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: antigen diversity and disease implications. Pulmonology. 2019;25(2):97\u2013108.","journal-title":"Pulmonology."},{"key":"292_CR41","first-page":"597","volume-title":"Interstitial lung disease","author":"M Selman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Selman M. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. In: Schwarz M, King Jr TE, editors. Interstitial lung disease. Shelton, CT, USA: People\u2019s Medical Publishing House; 2011. p. 597\u2013625."},{"issue":"3","key":"292_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2006.00839.x","volume":"11","author":"T Ismail","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ismail T, Mcsharry C, Boyd G. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Respirology. 2006;11(3):262\u20138.","journal-title":"Respirology."},{"issue":"2","key":"292_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2020.0012","volume":"83","author":"PM Leone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leone PM, Richeldi L. Current diagnosis and Management of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul). 2020;83(2):122\u201331.","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul)"},{"issue":"1","key":"292_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2479","volume":"142","author":"Y Lacasse","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lacasse Y, Girard M, Cormier Y. Recent advances in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest. 2012;142(1):208\u201317.","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"4","key":"292_CR45","first-page":"237","volume":"25","author":"P Spagnolo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Spagnolo P, Rossi G, Cavazza A, Bonifazi M, Paladini I, Bonella F, et al. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: A Comprehensive Review. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2015;25(4):237\u201350 quiz follow 50.","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"292_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000184806.38037.3c","volume":"30","author":"A Churg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Churg A, Muller NL, Flint J, Wright JL. Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2006;30(2):201\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"292_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.13075\/mp.5893.00406","volume":"67","author":"ME Jedrych","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jedrych ME, Szturmowicz M, Bestry I, Kus J. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: diagnostic criteria, treatment, prognosis and prevention. Med Pr. 2016;67(4):517\u201327.","journal-title":"Med Pr"},{"issue":"1","key":"292_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0191-z","volume":"6","author":"U Costabel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Costabel U, Miyazaki Y, Pardo A, Koschel D, Bonella F, Spagnolo P, et al. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6(1):65.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"2","key":"292_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1701250","volume":"41","author":"ER Fernandez Perez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fernandez Perez ER, Koelsch TL, Leone PM, Groshong SD, Lynch DA, Brown KK. Clinical decision-making in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: diagnosis and management. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;41(2):214\u201328.","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"292_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-210035","volume":"73","author":"A Gimenez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gimenez A, Storrer K, Kuranishi L, Soares MR, Ferreira RG, Pereira CAC. Change in FVC and survival in chronic fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Thorax. 2018;73(4):391\u20132.","journal-title":"Thorax."},{"issue":"6","key":"292_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201611-2201PP","volume":"196","author":"M Vasakova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vasakova M, Morell F, Walsh S, Leslie K, Raghu G. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: perspectives in diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196(6):680\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"292_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000189200","volume":"149","author":"Y Lacasse","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lacasse Y, Selman M, Costabel U, Dalphin JC, Morell F, Erkinjuntti-Pekkanen R, et al. Classification of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a hypothesis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2009;149(2):161\u20136.","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"292_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202005-2032ST","volume":"202","author":"G Raghu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raghu G, Remy-Jardin M, Ryerson CJ, Myers JL, Kreuter M, Vasakova M, et al. Diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in adults. An official ATS\/JRS\/ALAT clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;202(3):e36\u201369.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"292_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000199","volume":"21","author":"W Wuyts","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wuyts W, Sterclova M, Vasakova M. Pitfalls in diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2015;21(5):490\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"292_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12948-017-0062-7","volume":"15","author":"GG Riario Sforza","year":"2017","unstructured":"Riario Sforza GG, Marinou A. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a complex lung disease. Clin Mol Allergy. 2017;15:6.","journal-title":"Clin Mol Allergy"},{"key":"292_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-1-25","volume":"1","author":"Y Lacasse","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lacasse Y, Cormier Y. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2006;1:25.","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"292_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcm008","volume":"100","author":"M Solaymani-Dodaran","year":"2007","unstructured":"Solaymani-Dodaran M, West J, Smith C, Hubbard R. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis: incidence and mortality in the general population. QJM. 2007;100(4):233\u20137.","journal-title":"QJM."},{"issue":"4","key":"292_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201704-288OC","volume":"15","author":"ER Fernandez Perez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fernandez Perez ER, Kong AM, Raimundo K, Koelsch TL, Kulkarni R, Cole AL. Epidemiology of hypersensitivity pneumonitis among an insured population in the United States: a claims-based cohort analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2018;15(4):460\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"292_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rittig AH, Hilberg O, Ibsen R, Lokke A. Incidence, comorbidity and survival rate of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a national population-based study. ERJ Open Res. 2019;5(4).","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00259-2018"},{"issue":"7","key":"292_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.297095707","volume":"29","author":"JV Hirschmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hirschmann JV, Pipavath SN, Godwin JD. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a historical, clinical, and radiologic review. Radiographics. 2009;29(7):1921\u201338.","journal-title":"Radiographics."},{"key":"292_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12995-015-0057-6","volume":"10","author":"X Baur","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baur X, Fischer A, Budnik LT. Spotlight on the diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis). J Occup Med Toxicol. 2015;10:15.","journal-title":"J Occup Med Toxicol."},{"issue":"6","key":"292_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12866","volume":"71","author":"S Quirce","year":"2016","unstructured":"Quirce S, Vandenplas O, Campo P, Cruz MJ, de Blay F, Koschel D, et al. Occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis: an EAACI position paper. Allergy. 2016;71(6):765\u201379.","journal-title":"Allergy."},{"key":"292_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.02.019","volume":"150","author":"AP Bellanger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bellanger AP, Reboux G, Rouzet A, Barrera C, Rocchi S, Scherer E, et al. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a new strategy for serodiagnosis and environmental surveys. Resp Med. 2019;150:101\u20136.","journal-title":"Resp Med"},{"key":"292_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12995-018-0186-9","volume":"13","author":"LT Budnik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Budnik LT, Adam B, Albin M, Banelli B, Baur X, Belpoggi F, et al. Diagnosis, monitoring and prevention of exposure-related non-communicable diseases in the living and working environment: DiMoPEx-project is designed to determine the impacts of environmental exposure on human health. J Occup Med Toxicol. 2018;13:6.","journal-title":"J Occup Med Toxicol"},{"issue":"6","key":"292_CR65","first-page":"522","volume":"62","author":"GM Shepherd","year":"1989","unstructured":"Shepherd GM, Michelis MA, Macris NT, Smith JP. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in an orchid grower associated with sensitivity to the fungus Cryptostroma corticale. Ann Allergy. 1989;62(6):522\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"292_CR66","first-page":"466","volume":"461","author":"J Gr\u00fcner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcner J, Kist K, Klaiber F, Wanner L. Damage of sycamore caused by fungal infections with Cryptostroma corticale in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. Julius-K\u00fchn-Archiv. 2018;461:466\u20137.","journal-title":"Julius-K\u00fchn-Archiv."},{"key":"292_CR67","unstructured":"Niesar M, Stange L, Gl\u00fccke S, Frubrich J. Landesbetrieb Wald und Holz Nordrhein-Westfalen. Ru\u00dfrindenkrankheit (Cryptostroma corticale) an Ahorn. https:\/\/www.wald-und-holz.nrw.de\/fileadmin\/Waldschutz\/Dokumente\/190416_Info_5-2019__Russrindenerkrankung_Ahorn_2019_04_15.pdf. (Accessed on 14 September 2020). Waldschutz -Infomeldung. 2019;5."},{"key":"292_CR68","unstructured":"SVLFG. Sozialversicherung f\u00fcr Landwirtschaft, Forsten und Gartenbau. B.01.18-Schutzma\u00dfmahmen bei T\u00e4tigkeiten an Ahorn mit Ru\u00dfrindenkrankheit. Stand: 15.07.2019 https:\/\/cdn.svlfg.de\/fiona8-blobs\/public\/svlfgonpremiseproduction\/bbb58ebb5c9760d3\/3aa2ce9f2c9a\/b_01_18-bio-arbeitsstoffe-russrindenkrankheit. (Accessed on 14 September 2020). 2019."}],"container-title":["Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12995-021-00292-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12995-021-00292-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12995-021-00292-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T11:18:28Z","timestamp":1611227908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/occup-med.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12995-021-00292-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12995-021-00292-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-6673"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-6673","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2"}}