{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T13:25:07Z","timestamp":1740144307799,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Occup Med Toxicol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mild traumatic brain injuries receive voluminous attention in the research literature, but this is confined almost entirely to sports and military contexts. As an occupation, performing stunts in film, television, and entertainment places the head at high risk of repetitive impact and whiplash, but stunt performers do not enjoy the same level of healthcare supervision and access as that provided to sports participants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate stunt performers\u2019 qualitative perceptions of reporting and management of head trauma in their industry.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After giving their informed consent, 87 motion picture and television stunt performers responded to a query about their views of ways to improve how stunt performers\u2019 occupational head trauma\u2014specifically head impacts and head whips that could cause a concussion\u2014are reported and managed. We analyzed their responses via content and thematic analyses. Two researchers independently marked and categorized key words, phrases, and texts to identify codes that described participants\u2019 comments. They then revised, discussed, and resolved coding discrepancies through consensus to establish inter-coder reliability. Next, we identified thematic patterns that described participants\u2019 understanding of the stunt performer industry and what must change to facilitate reporting of head trauma. We derived themes from data that occurred multiple times, both within and across short answer responses.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We identified three primary themes cited by the stunt performers as needs in their industry: (1) Need to Reduce the Stigma of Reporting a Stunt-Related Injury, (2) Need to Eliminate the \u201cCowboy Culture,\u201d and (3) Need to Improve the Quality of the Work Environment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Stunt performers are crucial members of a global entertainment industry valued at approximately US$100\u00a0billion annually. A large segment of the world\u2019s population consumes their work in motion pictures, television, and live entertainment. When they are given an anonymous opportunity to speak, stunt performers offer insight into and recommendations for industry changes\u2014primarily cultural and educational in nature\u2014that could improve their physical and mental health, career longevity, and employability when they are confronted with head trauma.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12995-024-00401-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T15:03:13Z","timestamp":1706713393000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stunt performers\u2019 reluctance to self-report head trauma: a qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2519-576X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Russell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6486-8234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Beverly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lori J.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie P.","family":"McMichael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariana B.","family":"Senn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"401_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.12678\/1089-313X.18.2.53","volume":"18","author":"CJ Stein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stein CJ, Kinney SA, McCrystal T, Carew EA, Bottino NM, Meehan WP 3rd, et al. 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Ethics approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Ohio University (No. 20-X-148). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"LJS is a stunt performer and the Health and Safety Performer Advocate for the Union of British Columbia Performers\/ACTRA. LPM is a stunt coordinator and President of White Wing Enterprises, Ltd., an independent contracting company. The authors of this paper have no other competing interests to report.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4"}}