{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:37:58Z","timestamp":1787020678896,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chiropr Man Therap"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite increases in musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in Canada, evidence suggests utilization of chiropractic services has remained relatively stable over time. Understanding the extent to which chiropractors are consulted and factors associated with their utilization may suggest factors related to accessing care. We assessed the change in prevalence and characteristics of Canadians seeking chiropractic care across two time periods 2001\u20132010 and 2015\u20132018.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used national cross-sectional data from seven cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey between 2001 and 2018. The survey included Canadians aged 12 years and older living in private dwellings in all provinces and territories. National annual weighted prevalence and age-standardized weighted prevalence (and 95% confidence intervals) of chiropractic utilization were calculated. We calculated prevalence of chiropractic utilization stratified by demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and health-related variables. Crude linear trends and change in prevalence from 2001 to 2010 were assessed using linear regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The national annual prevalence of Canadians consulting a chiropractor in the previous 12 months slightly increased from 11.0% (95% CI 10.8, 11.3) in 2001 to 11.4% (95%CI 11.1, 11.7) in 2010, and in those reporting receiving regular health care from a chiropractor from 7.5% (95%CI 7.2, 7.7) in 2015 to 7.9% (95%CI 7.7, 8.2) in 2018. Prevalence of utilization varied by province, highest in the Western provinces but lowest in Atlantic provinces. The age-specific prevalence of chiropractic utilization was highest in those aged 35\u201349 years and remained stable over time, except for slight increase in those aged 65\u201379 years. A higher percentage of Canadians identifying as white, Canadian-born, in the highest quintile of household income, overweight, physically active and in excellent health reported seeking chiropractic services. The most common reported chronic conditions measured in the survey among Canadians consulting chiropractors were chronic back problems, arthritis, fibromyalgia and headaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The national prevalence of utilization of chiropractic services among Canadians slightly increased over time but varied by province and respondents\u2019 socioeconomic and health characteristics. Chronic back problems were the most common reported chronic condition. This comprehensive population-based study on chiropractic utilization in Canada can be used to inform decisions concerning health human resources and access to rehabilitation care for MSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12998-024-00552-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T12:02:41Z","timestamp":1730289761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Assessing the change in prevalence and characteristics of canadians utilizing chiropractic services across two time periods 2001\u20132010 and 2015\u20132018: a population-based repeated cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6575-2797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvano","family":"Mior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4804-9578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5593-0238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica J.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1744-5036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheilah","family":"Hogg-Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6986-6676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"552_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204763","volume":"73","author":"M Cross","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cross M, Smith E, Hoy D, Nolte S, Ackerman I, Fransen M, et al. 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Consent to participate is not applicable as we analyzed national cross-sectional data of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) in 2001\u20132018 conducted by Statistics Canada,","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"NA.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Dan Wang reports research grant from the Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation to Ontario Tech University) and postdoctoral fellowship at Ontario Tech University (funded by Ontario Tech University and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College). Jessica Wong is supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Research Excellence, Diversity and Independence Early Career Transition Award. Her postdoctoral research was supported by a Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship and she reports research grant from the Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation (paid to university); research grants from CIHR, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), Eurospine, Chronic Pain Centre of Excellence for Canadian Veterans, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, and Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation (paid to university) outside the submitted work; and travel reimbursement for teaching from Eurospine and for scientific meetings from Chiropractic Academy of Research Leadership outside the submitted work. Sheilah Hogg-Johnson reports research grants from the Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation (paid to Ontario Tech University); and research grants from the Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation outside the submitted work (paid to Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College). Silvano Mior reports research grant from the Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation (paid to Ontario Tech University); research grants from the Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation (paid to Ontario Tech University and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College) and Canadian Chiropractic Association (paid to Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College), and honoraria for lecturing from the Chiropractic Association of Saskatchewan outside the submitted work. Pierre C\u00f4t\u00e9 is supported by the Canada Research Chair award from CIHR (paid to Ontario Tech University), and reports research grant from the Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation (paid to Ontario Tech University); research grants from CIHR, Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation, and College of Chiropractors of British Columbia (paid to Ontario Tech University), payment to provide medical-legal expertise in court cases from the Canadian Chiropractic Protective Association and NCMIC, and travel reimbursement to the university for teaching and conference presentations from Eurospine, European Chiropractic Union and Chiropractic Association of Alberta outside the submitted work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"30"}}