{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:56:04Z","timestamp":1781650564026,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chiropr Man Therap"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The Chiropractic Academy for Research Leadership (\n                    <jats:italic>CARL<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) was formed in 2016 as a global mentorship program for early career researchers in chiropractic.\n                    <jats:italic>CARL<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a three-year program anchored around three week-long residentials, alternating between Denmark, Australia, and Canada, with ongoing online activities and project work between residentials. This paper reports on activities and outputs of the second cohort of\n                    <jats:italic>CARL<\/jats:italic>\n                    Fellows,\n                    <jats:italic>CARL II<\/jats:italic>\n                    , that ran from 2020 to 2024. Despite disruptions from the global COVID pandemic, the\n                    <jats:italic>CARL II<\/jats:italic>\n                    cohort was successful in forming a tightly knit group of fourteen early career researchers from seven countries in Australia, Europe, and North America.\n                    <jats:italic>CARL<\/jats:italic>\n                    Fellows co-produced a range of research and leadership outputs, including 70 peer-reviewed manuscripts, and hosted two online conferences (\n                    <jats:italic>CARLoquium)<\/jats:italic>\n                    to support global research engagement during the pandemic. With the completion of the second cohort and recruitment of the third cohort completed, all underwritten by global financial support from chiropractic organizations,\n                    <jats:italic>CARL<\/jats:italic>\n                    is established as a global program building research capacity and academic critical mass in chiropractic.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12998-026-00641-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T20:50:34Z","timestamp":1776459034000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The CARL II cohort: what we did and what came out of it"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Hartvigsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasha","family":"Aspinall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aron","family":"Downie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steen","family":"Harsted","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hazel","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9e-Anne","family":"Marchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"McNaughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casper","family":"Nim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana","family":"Nyir\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Roseen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica J.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilie K.","family":"\u00d8ver\u00e5s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Diana De Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"641_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12998-024-00558-9","volume":"32","author":"CA Weis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Weis CA, et al. Assessing research culture and capacity amongst faculty at a North American chiropractic institution: an explanatory mixed methods study. Chiropr Man Therap. 2024;32:35.","journal-title":"Chiropr Man Therap"},{"key":"641_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12998-018-0173-3","volume":"26","author":"J Adams","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adams J, et al. Leadership and capacity building in international chiropractic research: introducing the chiropractic academy for research leadership (CARL). Chiropr Man Therap. 2018;26:5.","journal-title":"Chiropr Man Therap"},{"key":"641_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1071\/PY15122","volume":"22","author":"D Borkowski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Borkowski D, McKinstry C, Cotchett M, Williams C, Haines T. Research culture in allied health: a systematic review. Aust J Prim Health. 2016;22:294\u2013303.","journal-title":"Aust J Prim Health"},{"key":"641_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12998-019-0251-1","volume":"27","author":"ID Coulter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Coulter ID, Herman PM. The research crisis in American institutions of complementary and integrative health: one proposed solution for chiropractic profession. Chiropr Man Therap. 2019;27:32.","journal-title":"Chiropr Man Therap"},{"key":"641_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12998-021-00363-8","volume":"29","author":"J Hartvigsen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hartvigsen J, et al. Leadership and capacity building in chiropractic research: report from the first CARL cohort. Chiropr Man Therap. 2021;29:9.","journal-title":"Chiropr Man Therap"},{"key":"641_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12998-023-00498-w","volume":"31","author":"SL Aspinall","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aspinall SL, et al. Presenters at chiropractic research conferences 2010\u20132019: is there a gender equity problem? Chiropr Man Therap. 2023;31:28.","journal-title":"Chiropr Man Therap"},{"key":"641_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6920-10-32","volume":"10","author":"E Frei","year":"2010","unstructured":"Frei E, Stamm M, Buddeberg-Fischer B. Mentoring programs for medical students - a review of the PubMed literature 2000\u20132008. BMC Med Educ. 2010;10:32.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"641_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1630.12579","volume":"66","author":"NW Doyle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Doyle NW, Gafni Lachter L, Jacobs K. Scoping review of mentoring research in the occupational therapy literature, 2002\u20132018. Aust Occup Ther J. 2019;66:541\u201351.","journal-title":"Aust Occup Ther J"},{"key":"641_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-019-1523-0","volume":"19","author":"JA Stefely","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stefely JA, et al. A physician-scientist preceptorship in clinical and translational research enhances training and mentorship. BMC Med Educ. 2019;19:89.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"641_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare7040113","volume":"7","author":"R McSherry","year":"2019","unstructured":"McSherry R, Snowden M. Exploring primary healthcare students and their mentors\u2019 awareness of mentorship and clinical governance as part of a local continuing professional development (CPD) program: Findings of a quantitative survey. Healthcare Basel. 2019;7:113.","journal-title":"Healthcare Basel"},{"key":"641_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12998-019-0237-z","volume":"27","author":"HF G\u00edslason","year":"2019","unstructured":"G\u00edslason HF, et al. The shape of chiropractic in Europe: a cross sectional survey of chiropractor\u2019s beliefs and practice. Chiropr Man Therap. 2019;27:16.","journal-title":"Chiropr Man Therap"},{"key":"641_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12998-018-0221-z","volume":"27","author":"C Leboeuf-Yde","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leboeuf-Yde C, Innes S, Young KJ, Kawchuk GN, Hartvigsen J. Chiropractic, one big unhappy family: better together or apart? Chiropr Manual Therap. 2019;27:4.","journal-title":"Chiropr Manual Therap"},{"key":"641_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijosm.2025.100755","volume":"56","author":"C McIntyre","year":"2025","unstructured":"McIntyre C, McLeod GA, Ferreira APA, Ceritelli F, Draper-Rodi J, Feehan J, et al. Leadership and capacity building in international osteopathic research: introducing strengthening osteopathy leadership and researcj (SOLAR) program. Int J Osteopath Med. 2025;56:100755.","journal-title":"Int J Osteopath Med"}],"container-title":["Chiropractic &amp; Manual Therapies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12998-026-00641-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12998-026-00641-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12998-026-00641-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:18:55Z","timestamp":1781648335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12998-026-00641-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["641"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12998-026-00641-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-709X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-709X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have consented the enclosed manuscript for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"13"}}