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This study was aimed to explore efficient strategies for the grading of CINs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The medical records of patients with high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections who had underwent cervical biopsy or conization from April 2018 to April 2019\u00a0in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital were collected and examined. The HR-HPV E6\/E7 mRNA in the tissues of patients with CINs was detected using RNAscope chromogenic in situ hybridization (RISH). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to evaluate the expression of p16INK4a (P16) and Ki67.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HR-HPV E6\/E7 mRNA signals were detected in 3\/27 (11.1\u2009%) of CIN 1, and in 32\/33 (97.0\u2009%) of CIN 2\/3. Most of the staining patterns (27\/32, 84.4\u2009%) had a full-thickness epithelial layer staining with weak-to-strong nuclear and cytoplasmic dot-like signals in CIN 2\/3, and there were also few special staining patterns that were significantly different from the others. A number of indicators were compared between LSIL and HSIL. There were statistically significant differences in E6\/E7 mRNA, p16, Ki67 and cytology between the two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). According to the logistic regression analysis, merely E6\/E7 mRNA positivity was significantly associated with CIN2\/3 (OR: 52.53, 95\u2009% CI,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In the detection of CIN 2\/3, the sensitivity and specificity of HPV E6\/E7 mRNA alone was not significantly inferior to that of its different combinations with Ki67, p16 and cytology (all,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RISH is efficient in grading of CINs. The HPV E6\/E7 mRNA expression might reflect the phase HPV infections, and its positive pattern might predict the development direction of CINs, providing the possibility to realize more accurate treatments for patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-021-01072-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T18:22:42Z","timestamp":1613845362000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Accuracy of HPV E6\/E7 mRNA examination using in situ hybridization in diagnosing cervical intraepithelial lesions"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Chang","family":"Hui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuerong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuzhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1072_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arbyn M, Weiderpass E, Bruni L, de Sanjos\u00e9 S, Saraiya M, Ferlay J, et al. 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