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Increase of the gene copy number may result in protein overexpression. This raises the possibility that detection of high expression of cyclin D1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) may be used as a surrogate for direct evaluation of increase in the <jats:italic>CCND1<\/jats:italic> gene copy number.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We examined increases in <jats:italic>CCND1<\/jats:italic> copy number with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and examined cyclin D1 protein expression with IHC in 61 acral melanomas.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Using FISH, 29 acral melanomas (29\/61, 47.5%) showed increase in the <jats:italic>CCND1<\/jats:italic> copy number, including 8 (8\/61, 13.1%) which showed low-level increase in the <jats:italic>CCND1<\/jats:italic> copy number and 21 (21\/61, 34.4%) with high-level increase in the <jats:italic>CCND1<\/jats:italic> copy number. By analysis of IHC, the median IHC score was 15% (range: 1\u201380%) in acral melanomas with no <jats:italic>CCND1<\/jats:italic> copy number alteration. In acral melanomas with low-level <jats:italic>CCND1<\/jats:italic> copy number increase, the median IHC score was 25% (range: 3\u201390%). In acral melanomas with high-level <jats:italic>CCND1<\/jats:italic> copy number increase, the median IHC score was 60% (range: 1\u201395%). Comparing FISH and IHC, cyclin D1 protein expression level has no corelation with the <jats:italic>CCND1<\/jats:italic> copy number in acral melanomas which have no <jats:italic>CCND1<\/jats:italic> copy number alteration and low-level <jats:italic>CCND1<\/jats:italic> copy number increase (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.108). Cyclin D1 protein expression level correlated positively with <jats:italic>CCND1<\/jats:italic> copy number in acral melanomas with high-level <jats:italic>CCND1<\/jats:italic> copy number increase (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.038). The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of using cyclin D1 IHC to predict <jats:italic>CCND1<\/jats:italic> FISH result was 72.4, 62.5 and 63.6%. Increase in <jats:italic>CCND1<\/jats:italic> copy number was associated with Breslow thickness in invasive acral melanoma.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>High-level increase in the <jats:italic>CCND1<\/jats:italic> copy number can induce high cyclin D1 protein expression in acral melanomas. However low-level increase and normal <jats:italic>CCND1<\/jats:italic> copy number have no obvious correlation with protein expression. Cyclin D1 IHC cannot serve as a surrogate for <jats:italic>CCND1<\/jats:italic> FISH in acral melanomas.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-021-01116-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T16:02:46Z","timestamp":1625500966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["CCND1 copy number increase and cyclin D1 expression in acral melanoma: a comparative study of fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in a Chinese cohort"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jianying","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuangshuang","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4810-6096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1116_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10772.x","volume":"166","author":"F Durbec","year":"2012","unstructured":"Durbec F, Martin L, Derancourt C, Grange F. 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