{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T09:20:09Z","timestamp":1759742409495,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagn Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The precursors of clear cell endometrial carcinoma (CC-EC) are still undefined. Here, we deal with the diagnostic issues related to CC-EC precursors by presenting a morphological, immunophenotypical and molecular study of two representative cases and discussing the relevant literature.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our and previous cases suggest that clear cell endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (CC-EIC) is a real entity, which may be distinguished from metaplastic\/reactive changes and from its serous counterpart. CC-EIC appears associated with atrophic polyps and may be diagnosed based on morphological and immunophenotypical features of CC-EC in the absence of invasive disease. We described a p53-mutant putative precursor characterized by high-grade nuclei in the absence of other distinctive features. Two putative low-grade precursors resembled atypical tubal metaplasia and endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia, although immunohistochemistry could not support their relationship with CC-EC.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In conclusion, pathologists should be aware of the existence of CC-EIC, since its correct diagnosis may be crucial for a correct patient management. Although several putative earlier precursors have been described, they does not show univocal features that allow their recognition in the common practice. Further studies are necessary in this field.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-021-01154-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T22:02:34Z","timestamp":1635112954000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clear cell endometrial carcinoma precursors: presentation of two cases and diagnostic issues"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Santoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Travaglino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frediano","family":"Inzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damiano","family":"Arciuolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Angelico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"D\u2019Alessandris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Scaglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Raffone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4473-7560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Franco","family":"Zannoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1154_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0b013e3282f2fd50","volume":"20","author":"X Yi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yi X, Zheng W. 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The clinical information had been retrieved from the patients\u2019 medical records and pathology reports. Patients\u2019 initials or other personal identifiers did not appear in any image. Finally, all samples were anonymized before histology and immunohistochemistry. Therefore, no further ethical approval was necessary to perform the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The non-interventional, retrospective nature of our study did not require any informed consent, even if written informed consent had been obtained from the patients before surgical procedures.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"95"}}