{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T02:15:19Z","timestamp":1772331319200,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagn Pathol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Caroli\u2019s syndrome is a congenital disease characterized by dilation of intrahepatic bile ducts and congenital hepatic fibrosis. It is a rare condition in clinical work. Typically, the diagnosis of this disease is confirmed through medical imaging. Here, we report a case of atypical Caroli\u2019s syndrome in a patient who presented with recurrent upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. The patient underwent imaging examinations, liver biopsy and whole exome sequencing. The results of the imaging examination were non-specific. However, with the aid of pathological examination, the patient was diagnosed with Caroli\u2019s syndrome. In conclusion, for cases where the imaging presentation of Caroli\u2019s syndrome is inconclusive, an accurate diagnosis should rely on pathology. By discussing this specific case, our aim is to enhance readers' understanding of this disease, provide valuable information that can aid in the early detection and appropriate management of Caroli\u2019s syndrome, ultimately improving patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-024-01462-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T07:03:03Z","timestamp":1708585383000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Histopathology and molecular pathology confirmed a diagnosis of atypical Caroli\u2019s syndrome: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Tianmin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingmei","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daya","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingqun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1462_CR1","unstructured":"Caroli J, Soupault R, Kossakowski J, Plocker L, Paradowska. Congenital polycystic dilation of the intrahepatic bile ducts; attempt at classification. La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris. 1958;34(8\/2):488\u221295\/sp."},{"issue":"2","key":"1462_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.4103\/ijabmr.ijabmr_191_21","volume":"11","author":"R Mahajan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mahajan R. International journal of applied and basic medical research: decade-old journey of journal. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2021;11(2):63.","journal-title":"Int J Appl Basic Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1462_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03768-8","volume":"21","author":"X Yao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yao X, Ao W, Fang J, Mao G, Chen C, Yu L, et al. Imaging manifestations of Caroli disease with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease: a case report and literature review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(1):294.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"3","key":"1462_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F356","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00422.2013","volume":"307","author":"SS Williams","year":"2014","unstructured":"Williams SS, Cobo-Stark P, Hajarnis S, Aboudehen K, Shao X, Richardson JA, et al. Tissue-specific regulation of the mouse Pkhd1 (ARPKD) gene promoter. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol. 2014;307(3):F356-368.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Ren Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1462_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00935","DOI":"10.14309\/crj.0000000000000935","volume":"9","author":"X Morales","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morales X, Jim\u00e9nez-Hermida L, P\u00e9rez JM, Hern\u00e1ndez-Cely G. Role of cholangioscopy in a patient with hepatolithiasis and caroli disease. ACG case Rep J. 2022;9(12):e00935.","journal-title":"ACG case Rep J"},{"issue":"11","key":"1462_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-015-2918-9","volume":"19","author":"MA Moslim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moslim MA, Gunasekaran G, Vogt D, Cruise M, Morris-Stiff G. Surgical management of Caroli\u2019s disease: single center experience and review of the literature. J Gastrointest Surg. 2015;19(11):2019\u201327.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"1462_CR7","first-page":"e11029","volume":"12","author":"E Acevedo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Acevedo E, La\u00ednez SS, C\u00e1ceres Cano PA, Vivar D. Caroli\u2019s syndrome: an early presentation. Cureus. 2020;12(10):e11029.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"1462_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.253045114","volume":"25","author":"G Brancatelli","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brancatelli G, Federle MP, Vilgrain V, Vullierme MP, Marin D, Lagalla R. Fibropolycystic liver disease: CT and MR imaging findings. Radiographics. 2005;25(3):659\u201370.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"1462_CR9","unstructured":"Jiang YX, Wang ZG, Hu B, et al. Medical Ultrasound Imaging. 2nd ed. People's Medical Publishing House; 2010."},{"key":"1462_CR10","unstructured":"Bai RJ, Zhang XL, Meng FJ, et al. Diagnostic Medical Imaging. 4th ed. People's Medical Publishing House; 2010."},{"issue":"2","key":"1462_CR11","first-page":"75","volume":"18","author":"T Ru-Jia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ru-Jia T, Zhen-Wen L, Hai-Bin SU, Xi HE, Da-Li Z, Xia Z. The clinical features analysis of 48 cases of congenital hepatic fibrosis. Chin Hepatol. 2013;18(2):75\u20136.","journal-title":"Chin Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1462_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1053\/hupa.2001.29678","volume":"32","author":"S Ohmori","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ohmori S, Shiraki K, Sugimoto K, Sakai T, Fujikawa K, Wagayama H, et al. High expression of CD34-positive sinusoidal endothelial cells is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with HCV-associated chronic liver diseases. Hum Pathol. 2001;32(12):1363\u201370.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1462_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2017.01.004","volume":"46","author":"DE Kleiner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kleiner DE. Drug-induced liver injury: the hepatic pathologist\u2019s approach. Gastroenterol Clin N Am. 2017;46(2):273\u201396.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin N Am"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1462_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2006.11.006","volume":"23","author":"JH Lefkowitch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lefkowitch JH. Special stains in diagnostic liver pathology. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2006;23(3\u20134):190\u20138.","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"1462_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.07.007","volume":"221","author":"A Ahmad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ahmad A, Ahmad R. Resveratrol mitigate structural changes and hepatic stellate cell activation in N\u2019-nitrosodimethylamine-induced liver fibrosis via restraining oxidative damage. Chemico-Biol Interact. 2014;221:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Chemico-Biol Interact"},{"issue":"4","key":"1462_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.06.002","volume":"77","author":"EASL Clinical Practice","year":"2022","unstructured":"EASL Clinical Practice. Guidelines on the management of cystic liver diseases. J Hepatol. 2022;77(4):1083\u2013108.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"23","key":"1462_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2844","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001827","volume":"134","author":"W Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi W, Yang AM. Caroli disease: an update on pathogenesis. Chin Med J. 2021;134(23):2844\u20136.","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"1462_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-9-69","volume":"9","author":"WR Cnossen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cnossen WR, Drenth JP. Polycystic liver disease: an overview of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and management. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2014;9: 69.","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1462_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2014.01.003","volume":"20","author":"ES Wills","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wills ES, Roepman R, Drenth JP. Polycystic liver disease: ductal plate malformation and the primary cilium. Trends Mol Med. 2014;20(5):261\u201370.","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1462_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3046","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.37352","volume":"167a","author":"JB Courcet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Courcet JB, Minello A, Prieur F, Morisse L, Phelip JM, Beurdeley A, et al. Compound heterozygous PKHD1 variants cause a wide spectrum of ductal plate malformations. Am J Med Genet Part A. 2015;167a(12):3046\u201353.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part A"},{"issue":"4","key":"1462_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl210174","volume":"16","author":"T Chung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chung T, Rhee H, Shim HS, Yoo JE, Choi GH, Kim H, et al. Genetic, clinicopathological, and radiological features of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with Ductal plate malformation pattern. Gut Liver. 2022;16(4):613\u201324.","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"issue":"3","key":"1462_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985815610567","volume":"53","author":"S Pillai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pillai S, Center SA, McDonough SP, Demarco J, Pintar J, Henderson AK, et al. Ductal plate malformation in the liver of boxer dogs: clinical and histological features. Vet Pathol. 2016;53(3):602\u201313.","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1462_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-020-2268-z","volume":"40","author":"LR Qiu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qiu LR, Xu RR, Tang JH, Zhou JH. Possible PKHD1 hot-spot mutations related to early kidney function failure or hepatofibrosis in Chinese children with ARPKD: a retrospective single center cohort study and literature review. Curr Med Sci. 2020;40(5):835\u201344.","journal-title":"Curr Med Sci"},{"key":"1462_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.21037\/tgh-2020-04","volume":"6","author":"A Lasagni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lasagni A, Cadamuro M, Morana G, Fabris L, Strazzabosco M. Fibrocystic liver disease: novel concepts and translational perspectives. Translational Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;6:26.","journal-title":"Translational Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1462_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2021.102579","volume":"57","author":"TL Fluhr","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fluhr TL, Tabatabaeifar M, Syring H, G\u00f6hring G, Schaefer F, Jung-Klawitter S. Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line (DHMCi006-A) from a patient with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) carrying a compound heterozygous missense mutation in the fibrocystin encoding PKHD1 gene. Stem cell Res. 2021;57:102579.","journal-title":"Stem cell Res"},{"issue":"38","key":"1462_CR26","first-page":"3005","volume":"100","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li J, Liu LW, Luo J, Liu JX, Liu XJ, Zhu ZJ, et al. Clinicopathological features of Caroli disease\/Caroli syndrome: an analysis of 21 cases. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2020;100(38):3005\u20139.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"9","key":"1462_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2012.00619.x","volume":"13","author":"DY Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang DY, Ji ZF, Shen XZ, Liu HY, Pan BJ, Dong L. Caroli\u2019s disease: a report of 14 patients and review of the literature. J Dig Dis. 2012;13(9):491\u20135.","journal-title":"J Dig Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1462_CR28","first-page":"172","volume":"29","author":"YM Xiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiao YM, Peng TT, Liu YX. A case of Caroli\u2019s disease confirmed by pathology, atypical symptoms and images. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2021;29(2):172\u20134.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi"},{"issue":"2","key":"1462_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12828","volume":"30","author":"G Perricone","year":"2015","unstructured":"Perricone G, Vanzulli A. Education and imaging. Hepatology: central dot sign of Caroli syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;30(2):234.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1462_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.06.011","volume":"21","author":"ML Schilsky","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schilsky ML. Wilson Disease: diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Clin Liver Dis. 2017;21(4):755\u201367.","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1462_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v13.i6.634","volume":"13","author":"A Lucena-Valera","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lucena-Valera A, Perez-Palacios D, Mu\u00f1oz-Hernandez R, Romero-G\u00f3mez M, Ampuero J. Wilson\u2019s disease: revisiting an old friend. World J Hepatol. 2021;13(6):634\u201349.","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"1462_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9437043","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9437043","volume":"2019","author":"E Sucher","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sucher E, Sucher R, Gradistanac T, Brandacher G, Schneeberger S, Berg T. Autoimmune hepatitis-immunologically triggered liver pathogenesis-diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. J Immunol Res. 2019;2019:9437043.","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1462_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.64.7","volume":"64","author":"K Tsuneyama","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsuneyama K, Baba H, Morimoto Y, Tsunematsu T, Ogawa H. Primary biliary cholangitis: its pathological characteristics and immunopathological mechanisms. J Med Investig. 2017;64(12):7\u201313.","journal-title":"J Med Investig"},{"issue":"4","key":"1462_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092661","volume":"9","author":"X Hao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hao X, Liu S, Dong Q, Zhang H, Zhao J, Su L. Whole exome sequencing identifies recessive PKHD1 mutations in a Chinese twin family with Caroli disease. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(4): e92661.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"1462_CR35","first-page":"335","volume":"50","author":"XY Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang XY, Zhu LP, Liu XQ, Zhang CY, Yao Y, Wu Y. Genetic diagnosis of Caroli syndrome with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease: a case report and literature review. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2018;50(2):335\u20139.","journal-title":"Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"1462_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2020.05.003","volume":"110","author":"M Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma M. Cilia and polycystic kidney disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2021;110:139\u201348.","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1462_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00148.x","volume":"67","author":"C Bergmann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bergmann C, Senderek J, Windelen E, K\u00fcpper F, Middeldorf I, Schneider F, et al. Clinical consequences of PKHD1 mutations in 164 patients with autosomal-recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). Kidney Int. 2005;67(3):829\u201348.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"1462_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0794-429","volume":"7","author":"K Zerres","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zerres K, M\u00fccher G, Bachner L, Deschennes G, Eggermann T, K\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4inen H, et al. Mapping of the gene for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) to chromosome 6p21-cen. Nat Genet. 1994;7(3):429\u201332.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"1462_CR39","first-page":"1101","volume":"56","author":"LM Guay-Woodford","year":"1995","unstructured":"Guay-Woodford LM, Muecher G, Hopkins SD, Avner ED, Germino GG, Guillot AP, et al. The severe perinatal form of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease maps to chromosome 6p21.1-p12: implications for genetic counseling. Am J Hum Genet. 1995;56(5):1101\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"1462_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-021-02135-3","volume":"26","author":"S Ishiko","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ishiko S, Morisada N, Kondo A, Nagai S, Aoto Y, Okada E, et al. Clinical features of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease in the Japanese population and analysis of splicing in PKHD1 gene for determination of phenotypes. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2022;26(2):140\u201353.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1462_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2478\/bjmg-2018-0027","volume":"21","author":"B Smolovi\u0107","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smolovi\u0107 B, Muhovi\u0107 D, Hod\u017ei\u0107 A, Bergant G, Peterlin B. The role of Next Generation sequencing in the Differential diagnosis of Caroli\u2019s syndrome. Balkan J Med Genetics: BJMG. 2018;21(2):49\u201353.","journal-title":"Balkan J Med Genetics: BJMG"},{"issue":"1","key":"1462_CR42","first-page":"79","volume":"27","author":"ML Acioli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Acioli ML, Costa LR, de Miranda Henriques MS. Diffuse Caroli\u2019s disease with atypical presentation: a case report. Annals Gastroenterol. 2014;27(1):79\u201381.","journal-title":"Annals Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1462_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiotia R, Sharma M, Narayani V, Singh S, Dewan V, Deswal S, et al. Atypical presentation of caroli\u2019s syndrome: a case report. Indian J Case Rep. 2019;5(1):79-81.","DOI":"10.32677\/IJCR.2019.v05.i01.026"},{"issue":"62","key":"1462_CR44","first-page":"606","volume":"52","author":"R Madjov","year":"2005","unstructured":"Madjov R, Chervenkov P, Madjova V, Balev B. Caroli\u2019s disease. Report of 5 cases and review of literature. Hepatogastroenterology. 2005;52(62):606\u20139.","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1462_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.166.1.8571889","volume":"166","author":"P Pavone","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pavone P, Laghi A, Catalano C, Passariello R. Caroli\u2019s disease: evaluation with MR Cholangiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;166(1):216\u20137.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"}],"container-title":["Diagnostic Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13000-024-01462-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13000-024-01462-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13000-024-01462-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T16:05:37Z","timestamp":1708617937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diagnosticpathology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13000-024-01462-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1462"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13000-024-01462-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-1596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-1596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was reviewed and approved by Infectious Diseases Hospital of Nanchang University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"36"}}