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Among them are the Guajajara, who inhabit regions extending from the state of Maranh\u00e3o to the northeastern portion of Par\u00e1. Considering the importance of research into ethnomycological knowledge in indigenous communities for the preservation of culture and the environment, especially in relation to macrofungi, the aim of this study was to document and compile the uses of macrofungi by the original Guajajara peoples to evaluate and revitalize traditional knowledge among indigenous generations. The study was carried out in the Cana Brava reserve, located in Barra do Corda, in the state of Maranh\u00e3o (northeast Brazil). The methodological approach used rapport techniques, semistructured interviews, guided tours, checklist interviews with photo albums and fresh or dried fungal samples, field notebooks and quantitative analysis via Use Value. Ninety-six indigenous people from the P\u00e9 de Galinha (28.2%) and Tr\u00eas Irm\u00e3os (71.8%) villages were interviewed, 54.1% female and 45.9% male. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling based on the number of families residing in the community who were willing to participate in the study, after obtaining authorization from community leaders. Discourse analysis revealed that Guajajara once used at least six of the 42 species documented. Although they no longer use them in their diet, they agree that\n                    <jats:italic>Auricularia tremellosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Fr.) Pat. was used in the diet of their ancestors. For recreational purposes, they use\n                    <jats:italic>Calvatia rugosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Berk. &amp; M.A. Curtis) D.A. Reid,\n                    <jats:italic>Geastrum hariotii<\/jats:italic>\n                    Lloyd. and\n                    <jats:italic>G. javanicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    Lev. and occasionally for medicinal purposes:\n                    <jats:italic>Pycnoporus sanguineus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (L.) Murrill and\n                    <jats:italic>Lentinus crinitus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (L.) Fr. The study communities can be considered partially mycophilic. Vertical transmission is responsible for the dynamics of macrofungal knowledge. This study can contribute both to the appreciation and conservation of traditions and to Brazilian fungal biodiversity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-026-00940-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T04:34:51Z","timestamp":1785558891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ethnomycology of the Guajajara indigenous peoples of Maranh\u00e3o, Northeast Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Janete Barros","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronildo Fernandes","family":"Guajajara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Trierveiler-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"das Chagas Silva Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roseli Farias Melo","family":"de Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"940_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-019-0310-7","volume":"15","author":"JM Ponce","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ponce JM, Calder\u00f3n MH, Comandini O, Rinaldi AC, Arz\u00fa RF. 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We confirm that this work is original and does not violate any copyrights. We agree to the journal\u2019s terms and conditions.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"83"}}