{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:38:06Z","timestamp":1787020686005,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]],"date-time":"2016-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478476800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 81371129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 81371129"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Head Face Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-016-0127-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]],"date-time":"2016-11-07T07:35:58Z","timestamp":1478504158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Classification and characterization of class III malocclusion in Chinese individuals"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Cai","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sihui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7451-7796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengshan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"127_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(09)60264-3","volume":"105","author":"HP Chang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chang HP, Tseng YC, Chang HF. Treatment of mandibular prognathism. J Formos Med Assoc. 2006;105(10):781\u201390.","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"127_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.04.012","volume":"148","author":"P Ngan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ngan P, Moon W. Evolution of Class III treatment in orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;148(1):22\u201336.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"127_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32062","volume":"146","author":"RM Cruz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cruz RM, Krieger H, Ferreira R, Mah J, Hartsfield Jr J, Oliveira S. Major gene and multifactorial inheritance of mandibular prognathism. Am J Med Genet A. 2008;146(1):71\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"issue":"3","key":"127_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910508400309","volume":"84","author":"T Yamaguchi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yamaguchi T, Park SB, Narita A, Maki K, Inoue I. Genome-wide linkage analysis of mandibular prognathism in Korean and Japanese patients. J Dent Res. 2005;84(3):255\u201359.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"127_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034508327817","volume":"88","author":"S Frazier-Bowers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Frazier-Bowers S, Rincon-Rodriguez R, Zhou J, Alexander K, Lange E. Evidence of linkage in a Hispanic cohort with a Class III dentofacial phenotype. J Dent Res. 2009;88(1):56\u201360.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"127_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510375962","volume":"89","author":"JY Jang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jang JY, Park EK, Ryoo HM, Shin HI, Kim TH, Jang JS, Park HS, Choi JY, Kwon TG. Polymorphisms in the Matrilin-1 gene and risk of mandibular prognathism in Koreans. J Dent Res. 2010;89(11):1203\u201307.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"127_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515572190","volume":"94","author":"L Perillo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Perillo L, Monsurr\u00f2 A, Bonci E, Torella A, Mutarelli M, Nigro V. Genetic Association of ARHGAP21 Gene Variant with Mandibular Prognathism. J Dent Res. 2015;94(4):569\u201376.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"127_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515581643","volume":"94","author":"CSG Fontoura da","year":"2015","unstructured":"da Fontoura CSG, Miller SF, Wehby GL, Amendt BA, Holton NE, Southard TE, Allareddy V, Moreno Uribe LM. Candidate gene analyses of skeletal variation in malocclusion. J Dent Res. 2015;94(7):913\u201320.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"127_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.06.033","volume":"141","author":"M Tassopoulou-Fishell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tassopoulou-Fishell M, Deeley K, Harvey EM, Sciote J, Vieira AR. Genetic variation in myosin 1H contributes to mandibular prognathism. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2012;141(1):51\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"127_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.06.014","volume":"142","author":"S He","year":"2012","unstructured":"He S, Hartsfield Jr JK, Guo Y, Cao Y, Wang S, Chen S. Association between CYP19A1 genotype and pubertal sagittal jaw growth. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2012;142(5):662\u201370.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"127_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.02.019","volume":"144","author":"LM Moreno Uribe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moreno Uribe LM, Vela KC, Kummet C, Dawson DV, Southard TE. Phenotypic diversity in white adults with moderate to severe Class III malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2013;144(1):32\u201342.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"127_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugawara J, Mitani H. Facial growth of skeletal class III malocclusion and the effects, limitations, and long-term dentofacial adaptations to chincap therapy. Seminars in Orthodontics. 1997;3(4):244\u201354.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1073-8746(97)80057-6"},{"issue":"6","key":"127_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.112671","volume":"119","author":"M Mouakeh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mouakeh M. Cephalometric evaluation of craniofacial pattern of Syrian children with Class III malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2001;119(6):640\u201349.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"127_CR14","first-page":"564","volume":"76","author":"C Bui","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bui C, King T, Proffit W, Frazier-Bowers S. Phenotypic characterization of Class III patients: a necessary background for genetic analysis. Angle Orthod. 2006;76(4):564\u201369.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"127_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2001.0088","volume":"30","author":"SX Hong","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hong SX, Yi CK. A classification and characterization of skeletal class III on etio-pathogenic basis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001;30(4):264\u201371.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"127_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/25.6.599","volume":"25","author":"ES Abu Alhaija","year":"2003","unstructured":"Abu Alhaija ES, Richardson A. Growth prediction in Class III patients using cluster and discriminant function analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2003;25(6):599\u2013608.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"9","key":"127_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2812","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ay41907j","volume":"6","author":"R Bro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bro R, Smilde AK. Principal component analysis. Anal Methods. 2014;6(9):2812\u201331.","journal-title":"Anal Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"127_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00175109","volume":"36","author":"PR Burgel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Burgel PR, Paillasseur JL, Caillaud D, Tillie-Leblond I, Chanez P, Escamillae R, Court-Fortune I, Perez T, Carre P, Roche N. Clinical COPD phenotypes: a novel approach using principal component and cluster analyses. Eur Respir J. 2010;36(3):531\u201339.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"12","key":"127_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51048","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051048","volume":"7","author":"P-R Burgel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Burgel P-R, Paillasseur J-L, Peene B, Dusser D, Roche N, Coolen J, Troosters T, Decramer M, Janssens W. Two distinct chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) phenotypes are associated with high risk of mortality. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e51048.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"127_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-014-9646-x","volume":"192","author":"CZ Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen CZ, Wang LY, Ou CY, Lee CH, Lin CC, Hsiue TR. Using cluster analysis to identify phenotypes and validation of mortality in men with COPD. Lung. 2014;192(6):889\u201396.","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"1","key":"127_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510382546","volume":"90","author":"Q Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li Q, Li X, Zhang F, Chen F. The identification of a novel locus for mandibular prognathism in the Han Chinese population. J Dent Res. 2011;90(1):53\u20137.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"127_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12678","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012678","volume":"5","author":"Q Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li Q, Zhang F, Li X, Chen F. Genome scan for locus involved in mandibular prognathism in pedigrees from China. PLoS One. 2010;5(9):e12678.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"127_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11250","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11250","volume":"5","author":"F Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen F, Li Q, Gu M, Li X, Yu J, Zhang Y-B. Identification of a Mutation in FGF23 Involved in Mandibular Prognathism. Sci Rep. 2015;5:11250.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"127_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.02.012","volume":"135","author":"AEZ Alexander","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alexander AEZ, McNamara Jr JA, Franchi L, Baccetti T. Semilongitudinal cephalometric study of craniofacial growth in untreated Class III malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2009;135(6):700. e1-00. e14.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"127_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.2.420","volume":"86","author":"PE Shrout","year":"1979","unstructured":"Shrout PE, Fleiss JL. Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull. 1979;86(2):420.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"2","key":"127_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/38.2.182","volume":"38","author":"W Vogt","year":"1992","unstructured":"Vogt W, Nagel D. Cluster analysis in diagnosis. Clin Chem. 1992;38(2):182\u201398.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"127_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2014.10.002","volume":"46","author":"L Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen L, Lin Z-X, Lin G-S, Zhou C-F, Chen Y-P, Wang X-F, Zheng Z-Q. Classification of microvascular patterns via cluster analysis reveals their prognostic significance in glioblastoma. Hum Pathol. 2015;46(1):120\u201328.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"127_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben-Hur A, Guyon I. Detecting stable clusters using principal component analysis. Functional Genomics: Methods and Protocols. 2003. p. 159\u201382. http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.155.5532&rep=rep1&type=pdf .","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-364-X:159"},{"key":"127_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-015-0065-x","volume":"11","author":"EL Jolanta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jolanta EL, Stephen W, Aneta W, Bart\u0142omiej WL. The Polish face in profile: a cephalometric baseline study. Head Face Med. 2015;11:5.","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"127_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(94)70143-1","volume":"105","author":"J Hall-Scott","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hall-Scott J. The maxillary-mandibular planes angle (MM o) bisector: A new reference plane for anteroposterior measurement of the dental bases. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1994;105(6):583\u201391.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"127_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.12.011","volume":"143","author":"RJ Hodges","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hodges RJ, Atchison KA, White SC. Impact of cone-beam computed tomography on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2013;143(5):665\u201374.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"127_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1179\/14653120723193","volume":"36","author":"SJ Merrett","year":"2009","unstructured":"Merrett SJ, Drage NA, Durning P. Cone beam computed tomography: a useful tool in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. J Orthod. 2009;36(3):202\u201310.","journal-title":"J Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"127_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200410001676369","volume":"6","author":"MR Munaf\u00f2","year":"2004","unstructured":"Munaf\u00f2 MR. Replication validity of genetic association studies of smoking behavior: What can meta-analytic techniques offer? Nicotine Tob Res. 2004;6(2):381\u201382.","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"}],"container-title":["Head &amp; Face Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13005-016-0127-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13005-016-0127-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13005-016-0127-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T01:02:00Z","timestamp":1601168520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/head-face-med.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13005-016-0127-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13005-016-0127-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]]},"article-number":"31"}}