{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:14:05Z","timestamp":1780492445490,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]],"date-time":"2021-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]],"date-time":"2021-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Head Face Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) \u2018closed lock\u2019 is a clinical condition causing TMJ pain and limited mouth opening (painful locking). Recent studies suggest an increasing prevalence of degenerative joint disease associated with the onset of TMJ closed lock in adolescents and young adults. Early interventions are recommended, but the curative effect of standard therapies remains controversial. In this retrospective study, an alternative method of non-surgical treatment of TMJ closed lock is presented, and its long-term efficacy has been observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty adolescents and young adults, aged 16 to 30\u2009years old, with distinct combination of symptoms of TMJ closed lock, were enrolled. Patients received anesthetic blockages of the auriculotemporal nerve, then performed mandibular condylar movement exercise for 10\u2009min, and subsequently received hypertonic dextrose prolotherapy in retro-discal area of TMJ. Clinical assessments at baseline and at follow-up (2\u2009weeks, 2\u2009months, 6\u2009months, and 5\u2009years) included intensity and frequency of TMJ pain, mandibular range of motion, TMJ sounds, and impairment of chewing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cone beam CT images of the TMJs revealed joint space changes in all patients and degenerative bone changes in 20% (8\/40) of the patients. The patients were diagnosed as having disc displacement without reduction with limited opening. Successful reduction of displaced disc had been achieved in the treatment. And pain at rest and pain on mastication had substantially decreased in all patients and mandibular function and mouth opening had significantly improved since 2\u2009weeks\u2019 follow-up. The overall success rate kept at a high level of 97.5% (39\/40) at 6\u2009months and 5\u2009years\u2019 follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The technique combining mandibular condylar movement exercise with auriculotemporal nerve block and dextrose prolotherapy is straightforward to perform, inexpensive and satisfactory to young patients with TMJ closed lock.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-021-00261-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]],"date-time":"2021-03-27T01:02:26Z","timestamp":1616806946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Application of auriculotemporal nerve block and dextrose prolotherapy in exercise therapy of TMJ closed lock in adolescents and young adults"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4490-3378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongzhi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"261_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37S","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514528333","volume":"93","author":"M Al-Baghdadi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al-Baghdadi M, Durham J, Araujo-Soares V, Robalino S, Errington L, Steele J. 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All participants gave informed consent. This retrospective study involved no more than minimal risk to subjects, did not adversely affect the rights and welfare of subjects, contributed to greater public good, and could not practically be carried out otherwise.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"There are no actual or potential conflict of interest needs to be disclosed, including any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, their work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"11"}}