{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T17:10:52Z","timestamp":1793207452010,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Head Face Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electric bikes (E-bikes) and powered scooters (P-scooters) have become increasingly popular modes of public transportation, but they have been associated with injuries of all kinds, including dental trauma. Helmet use is promoted as a means of reducing injuries in accidents involving motorized and unmotorized vehicles. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of helmet use on the number and severity of oral and maxillofacial injuries caused by E-bikes and P-scooters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used. The cohort included all patients referred to the emergency department of a tertiary medical center in 2014\u20132020 with oral and maxillofacial injuries involving E-bikes or P-scooters. Data were collected from the medical files on demographics, types of injuries, circumstances of occurrence, work-up, treatment, and outcome. Use of a helmet was recorded in each case.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the total 1417 patients referred to the emergency department for E-bike and P-scooter-related trauma, 62 had oral and maxillofacial injuries, including 57 riders and 5 pedestrians. All had hard- or soft-tissue injuries; 20 (32.2%) had head injuries and 22 (35.5%) had dentoalveolar injuries. Eleven riders had worn a helmet at the time of injury (17.7%). Helmet use was associated with time of injury (weekday\/weekend, daytime\/night-time), type of motorized vehicle (E-bike or P-scooter), head injury, and number of bone fractures. Head injuries occurred more often on the weekend (57.9%) than during the week (20.9%) and were more likely to occur in riders who were not protected by a helmet (37.3% vs 18.2%). Patients who used helmets also had a lower rate of fractured bones (18.2%) and dentoalveolar injuries (23.7%) than patients who did not (68.8 and 37.3%, respectively). Interestingly, helmet use had no protective effect on soft-tissue injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Helmet use by E-bike and P-scooter riders decreased the probability of head injury and of hard tissue and dentoalveolar injuries. These results may provide guidance for effective legislation and regulation of helmet use and improved treatment protocols for general and dental physicians.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-021-00288-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T06:03:08Z","timestamp":1630476188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["The impact of helmet use on oral and maxillofacial injuries associated with electric-powered bikes or powered scooter: a retrospective cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5357-3713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yafit","family":"Hamzani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dror","family":"Bar Hai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Drescher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavriel","family":"Chaushu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahaa Haj","family":"Yahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"288_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12562","volume":"36","author":"S Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin S, Goldman S, Peleg K, Levin L. With support of the Israel Trauma Group. Dental and maxillofacial injuries associated with electric-powered bikes and scooters in Israel: a report for 2014\u20132019. Dent Traumatol. 2020;36:533\u20137.","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"288_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043418","volume":"26","author":"CJ DiMaggio","year":"2019","unstructured":"DiMaggio CJ, Bukur M, Wall SP, Frangos SG, Wen AY. Injuries associated with electric-powered bikes and scooters: analysis of US consumer product data. Inj Prev. 2019;26:524\u20138.","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"key":"288_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31821cbdc8","volume":"43","author":"B Gojanovic","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gojanovic B, Welker J, Iglesias K, Daucourt C, Gremion G. Electric bicycles as a new active transportation modality to promote health. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43:2204\u201310.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"288_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.19.00390","volume":"102","author":"CR Ishmael","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ishmael CR, Hsiue PP, Zoller SD, Wang P, Hori KR, Gatto JD, et al. An early look at operative orthopaedic injuries associated with electric scooter accidents: bringing high-energy trauma to a wider audience. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2020;102:e18.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"288_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.07.014","volume":"77","author":"B Trivedi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Trivedi B, Kesterke MJ, Bhattacharjee R, Weber W, Mynar K, Reddy LV. Craniofacial injuries seen with the introduction of bicycle-share electric scooters in an urban setting. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;77:2292\u20137.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"288_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.05.003","volume":"37","author":"A Badeau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Badeau A, Carman C, Newman M, Steenblik J, Carlson M, Madsen T. Emergency department visits for electric scooter-related injuries after introduction of an urban rental program. Am J Emerg Med. 2019;37:1531\u20133.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"288_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-018-1149-5","volume":"18","author":"MZ Arif","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arif MZ, Rajanikanth BR, Prasad K. Soft tissue injuries of the maxillofacial region occurring from motorcycle accidents. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2019;18:432\u20139.","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"}],"container-title":["Head &amp; Face Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13005-021-00288-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13005-021-00288-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13005-021-00288-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T03:34:40Z","timestamp":1699414480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/head-face-med.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13005-021-00288-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["288"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13005-021-00288-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Helsinki Committee of Rabin Medical Center (approval number 0194\u201320-RMC).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"N\/A.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"36"}}