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The contralateral side was used as the control group without tempering. Temperatures of 4\u00a0\u00b0C, 3\u00a0\u00b0C, 2\u00a0\u00b0C, 48\u00a0\u00b0C, 49\u00a0\u00b0C, and 50\u00a0\u00b0C were evaluated with a tempering time of 1\u00a0min. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The EDX analysis revealed significant increases in element weights at 50\u00a0\u00b0C (e.g., calcium, phosphate, sodium, and sulfur;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The results of the TEM analysis showed that at all the applied cold and warm temperatures, signs of cell damage were observed, including vacuolization, shrinkage, and detachment from the surrounding bone matrix. Some cells became necrotic, leaving the lacunae empty.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Temperature of 50\u00a0\u00b0C led to irreversible cell death. The degree of damage was more significant at 50\u00a0\u00b0C and 2\u00a0\u00b0C than at 48\u00a0\u00b0C and 5\u00a0\u00b0C. Although this was a preliminary study, from the results, we identified that a temperature of 50\u00a0\u00b0C at a time interval of 60\u00a0min can lower the number of samples in a further study of thermo-explantation. Thus, the subsequent planned in vivo study in pigs, which will consider osseointegrated implants, is feasible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-023-00349-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T02:03:18Z","timestamp":1678154598000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Results of thermal osteonecrosis for implant removal on electron microscopy, implant stability, and radiographic parameters \u2013 a rat study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kristian","family":"Kniha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva Miriam","family":"Buhl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faruk","family":"Al-Sibai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan Christian","family":"M\u00f6hlhenrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Heitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"H\u00f6lzle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Modabber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"349_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e151","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.6898","volume":"33","author":"A Worni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Worni A, Marchand L, Sailer I, Cornish D, Hicklin SP. 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