{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:59:00Z","timestamp":1788965940707,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Head Face Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-025-00523-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T12:21:27Z","timestamp":1759407687000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Choroidal vascular and oropharyngeal morphological indicators in predicting CPAP treatment efficacy in severe OSAS patients: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Chenxu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimin","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"709","key":"523_CR1","first-page":"1865","volume":"16","author":"P Teiga","year":"2020","unstructured":"Teiga P, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome\u202f: CPAP or mandibular advancement device? Rev Med Suisse. 2020;16(709):1865\u20139.","journal-title":"Rev Med Suisse"},{"issue":"1","key":"523_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01496-3","volume":"8","author":"R Lv","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lv R, et al. Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8(1):218.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"523_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-021-00426-w","volume":"199","author":"JJ Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee JJ, Sundar KM. Evaluation and management of adults with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Lung. 2021;199(2):87\u2013101.","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"4","key":"523_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19042459","volume":"19","author":"G Iannella","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iannella G, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: from symptoms to treatment. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(4):2459.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"19","key":"523_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10277","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910277","volume":"18","author":"M Santilli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Santilli M, et al. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a single-center retrospective study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(19):10277.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"523_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-020-02084-3","volume":"25","author":"M Caporale","year":"2021","unstructured":"Caporale M, et al. Cognitive impairment in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a descriptive review. Sleep Breath. 2021;25(1):29\u201340.","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"8","key":"523_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2022.2112669","volume":"16","author":"B Nokes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nokes B, Cooper J, Cao M. Obstructive sleep apnea: personalizing CPAP alternative therapies to individual physiology. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2022;16(8):917\u201329.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"523_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.17116\/jnevro202012001190","volume":"120","author":"VV Kemstach","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kemstach VV, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and cognitive impairment. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2020;120(1):90\u20135.","journal-title":"Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova"},{"key":"523_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.011","volume":"112","author":"P Tondo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tondo P, et al. Mortality in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and overlap syndrome (OS): the role of nocturnal hypoxemia and CPAP compliance. Sleep Med. 2023;112:96\u2013103.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"523_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2024.07.005","volume":"121","author":"J Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim J, et al. Choroid plexus enlargement in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med. 2024;121:179\u201383.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"523_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-021-02538-2","volume":"26","author":"G Ozcan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ozcan G, et al. Choroidal vascularity index in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep Breath. 2022;26(4):1655\u20139.","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"523_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S284836","volume":"12","author":"CJ Kuo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuo CJ, et al. Quantitative morphometric measurements of the oropharynx in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome using a laser depth measurement module. Nat Sci Sleep. 2020;12:1181\u201390.","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"523_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001416","volume":"123","author":"F Chung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chung F, et al. Society of Anesthesia and sleep medicine guidelines on preoperative screening and assessment of adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Anesth Analg. 2016;123(2):452\u201373.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"2","key":"523_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz486","volume":"41","author":"F Cosentino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cosentino F, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(2):255\u2013323.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"523_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2019.05.003","volume":"30","author":"JM Flack","year":"2020","unstructured":"Flack JM, Adekola B. Blood pressure and the new ACC\/AHA hypertension guidelines. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2020;30(3):160\u20134.","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"523_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-022-02650-x","volume":"27","author":"AV Marino","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marino AV, Costigliola R, Fioretto I. Choroidal vascularity index in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep Breath. 2023;27(2):771.","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"1","key":"523_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2021.08.010","volume":"60","author":"T Akashiba","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akashiba T, et al. Sleep Apnea Syndrome (SAS) clinical practice guidelines 2020. Respir Investig. 2022;60(1):3\u201332.","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"key":"523_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647792","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2021.647792","volume":"8","author":"HH Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang HH, Tsao CH, Wei JC. Voice assessment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome after transoral robotic surgery. Front Surg. 2021;8: 647792.","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"523_CR19","first-page":"296","volume":"60","author":"XQ Bai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bai XQ, Sun XG. Sleep apnea and ocular diseases. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2024;60(3):296\u2013302.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"11","key":"523_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05322-w","volume":"259","author":"P Naranjo-Bonilla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Naranjo-Bonilla P, et al. Retinal and choroidal thickness measurements in obstructive sleep apnea: impacts of continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021;259(11):3381\u201393.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"523_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-022-02629-3","volume":"43","author":"E Mavigok","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mavigok E, Ozcan AA, Ulas B. Obsructive sleep apnea syndrome: is it a risk factor for ocular surface disease and ocular comorbidities? Int Ophthalmol. 2023;43(7):2329\u201334.","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"523_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-020-01690-0","volume":"41","author":"M Colak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Colak M, et al. Evaluation of retinal vessel density and foveal avascular zone measurements in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Int Ophthalmol. 2021;41(4):1317\u201325.","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"523_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01790-w","volume":"36","author":"MG Altinel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Altinel MG, et al. Effect of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and continuous positive airway pressure treatment on choroidal structure. Eye (Lond). 2022;36(10):1977\u201381.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"523_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/24741264211009677","volume":"6","author":"AD Azad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Azad AD, et al. The effect of obstructive sleep apnea treatment and severity on choroidal thickness in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy. J Vitreoretin Dis. 2022;6(1):22\u201330.","journal-title":"J Vitreoretin Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"523_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13712","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13712","volume":"32","author":"MB Govindagoudar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Govindagoudar MB, et al. Dynamic assessment of oropharynx with ultrasonography as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea. J Sleep Res. 2023;32(1):e13712.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"523_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2022.09.128","volume":"78","author":"HM Lun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lun HM, et al. Potential ultrasonic anatomical markers of obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome. Clin Radiol. 2023;78(2):e137\u201342.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"}],"container-title":["Head & Face Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13005-025-00523-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13005-025-00523-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13005-025-00523-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T12:21:28Z","timestamp":1759407688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/head-face-med.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13005-025-00523-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["523"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13005-025-00523-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6389207\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1746-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, and all procedures followed the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.Consent for participant is not applicable as this study did not involve human participants or personal data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication is not applicable as this study did not involve human participants or personal data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"64"}}