{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:04:18Z","timestamp":1793041458241,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Head Face Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-025-00524-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T02:04:39Z","timestamp":1751681079000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cytotoxic and antifungal effects of different teething oral gels: an in-vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Asl\u0131","family":"A\u015f\u0131k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ece","family":"Bay\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibel","family":"Acar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ceren","family":"Sa\u011flam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dil\u015fah","family":"\u00c7o\u011fulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ata\u00e7","family":"Uzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"524_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.6.1374","volume":"106","author":"M Wake","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wake M, Hesketh K, Lucas J. Teething and tooth eruption in infants: A cohort study. Pediatrics. 2000;106:1374\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"524_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mamdani S, Rajan S, Bhujel N. Teething-filling in the gaps\u2026. Br Dent J. 2024;237.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-024-7722-z"},{"key":"524_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-024-7609-z","volume":"237","author":"D Stonehouse-Smith","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stonehouse-Smith D, Ota L, Seehra J, Kwok J, Liu C, Seppala M, et al. How do teeth erupt? Br Dent J. 2024;237:217\u201321.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"524_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garima J, Mathur VP, Tewari N, Rahul M, Sultan F, Haldar P et al. Global prevalence of teething problems in infants and children\u2014A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2024;1\u201317.","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.13272"},{"key":"524_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4801349","volume":"9","author":"GT Mclntyre","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mclntyre GT, Mclntyre GM. Teething Troubles? Br Dent J J. 2002;9:251\u20135.","journal-title":"Teething Troubles? Br Dent J J"},{"key":"524_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Memarpour M, Soltanimehr E, Eskandarian T. Signs and symptoms associated with primary tooth eruption: A clinical trial of nonpharmacological remedies. BMC Oral Health [Internet]. 2015;15:2\u20139. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-015-0070-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-015-0070-2"},{"key":"524_CR7","first-page":"12","volume":"17","author":"R Noor-Mohammed","year":"2012","unstructured":"Noor-Mohammed R, Basha S. Teething disturbances; prevalence of objective manifestations in children under age 4 months to 36 months. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2012;17:12\u20135.","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"524_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.35.1.u146773636772101","volume":"35","author":"S Sood","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sood S, Sood M, Teething. Myths and facts. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2010;35:9\u201314.","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"524_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0066","volume":"36","author":"FMT Canto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Canto FMT, De Castro Costa Neto O, Loureiro JM, Mara\u00f1\u00f3n-V\u00e1squez GA, Ferreira DMTP, Maia LC, et al. Efficacy of treatments used to relieve signs and symptoms associated with teething: a systematic review. Braz Oral Res. 2022;36:1\u201318.","journal-title":"Braz Oral Res"},{"key":"524_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"88","author":"F Abdulsatar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdulsatar F, Miller M, Taheri S. Use of unsafe teething remedies: A survey. J Can Dent Assoc. 2022;88:1\u20136.","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"524_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2344\/0003-3006-60.3.99","volume":"60","author":"LL Gutenberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gutenberg LL, Chen JW, Trapp L. Methemoglobin levels in generally anesthetized pediatric dental patients receiving Prilocaine versus Lidocaine. Anesth Prog. 2013;60:99\u2013108.","journal-title":"Anesth Prog"},{"key":"524_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2004.109","volume":"4","author":"RD Balicer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Balicer RD, Kitai E. Methemoglobinemia caused by topical teething preparation: a case report. ScientificWorldJournal. 2004;4:517\u201320.","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"524_CR13","unstructured":"Food US, Administration D. FDA drug safety communication: Reports of a rare, but serious and potentially fatal adverse effect with the use of over-the-counter (OTC) benzocaine gels and liquids applied to the gums or mouth [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug-safety-and-availability\/fda-drug-safety-communication-reports-rare-serious-and-potentially-fatal-adverse-effect-use-over"},{"key":"524_CR14","unstructured":"Food US, Administration D. FDA drug safety communication: FDA recommends not using lidocaine to treat teething pain and requires new Boxed Warning [Internet]. 2014, June 26. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug-safety-and-availability\/fda-drug-safety-communication-fda-recommends-not-using-lidocaine-treat-teething-pain-and-requires"},{"key":"524_CR15","unstructured":"Food US, Administration D. Risk of serious and potentially fatal blood disorder prompts FDA action on oral over-the-counter benzocaine products used for teething and mouth pain and prescription local anesthetics. [Internet]. 2018, May 23. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug-safety-and-availability\/risk-serious-and-potentially-fatal-blood-disorder-prompts-fda-action-oral-over-counter-benzocaine"},{"key":"524_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-5276.21.06550-2","volume":"74","author":"F Di Pierro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di Pierro F, Bertuccioli A, Donato G, Spada C. Retrospective analysis of the effects of a hyaluronic-based gum gel to counteract signs and symptoms of teething in infants. Minerva Pediatr. 2022;74:101\u20136.","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatr"},{"key":"524_CR17","first-page":"48","volume":"12","author":"AK Tsang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsang AK. Teething, teething pain andteething remedies. Int Dent SA. 2010;12:48\u201361.","journal-title":"Int Dent SA"},{"key":"524_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-019-0715-7","volume":"227","author":"N Monaghan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Monaghan N. Teething products May be harmful to health. Br Dent J. 2019;227:485\u20137.","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"524_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14769","volume":"56","author":"L Teoh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Teoh L, Moses GM. Are teething gels safe or even necessary for our children? A review of the safety, efficacy and use of topical Lidocaine teething gels. J Paediatr Child Health. 2020;56:502\u20135.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"524_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13861","volume":"54","author":"T Nguyen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nguyen T, Cranswick N, Rosenbaum J, Gelbart B, Tosif S. Chronic use of teething gel causing salicylate toxicity. J Paediatr Child Health. 2018;54:576\u20138.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"524_CR21","unstructured":"Food US, Administration D. FDA confirms elevated levels of belladonna in certain homeopathic teething products [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-confirms-elevated-levels-belladonna-certain-homeopathic-teething-products"},{"key":"524_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04252.x","volume":"162","author":"C Fedder","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fedder C, Beck-Schimmer B, Aguirre J, Hasler M, Roth-Z\u2019graggen B, Urner M, et al. In vitro exposure of human fibroblasts to local anaesthetics impairs cell growth. Clin Exp Immunol. 2010;162:280\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"524_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04213-w","volume":"24","author":"S Birant","year":"2024","unstructured":"Birant S, \u0130lisulu SC, K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 S, Tunca Z, \u00d6zcan H, Akko\u00e7 T, et al. An in vitro assessment of teething gels\u2019 effects on human gingival mesenchymal stem cells. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24:1\u20139.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"524_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1049021","volume":"13","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wu YP, Feng V, Cao GZ, Feng XP, Chen X. Microbiota of preterm infant develops over time along with the first teeth eruption. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:1\u201313.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"524_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu H, Tian B, Shi W, Tian J, Wang W, Qin M. Maturation of the oral microbiota during primary teeth eruption: a longitudinal, preliminary study. J Oral Microbiol. 2022;14.","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2022.2051352"},{"key":"524_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Merglova V, Polenik P. Early colonization of the oral cavity in 6- and 12-month-old infants by cariogenic and periodontal pathogens: a case-control study. Folia Microbiol (Praha) [Internet]. 2016;61:423\u20139. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12223-016-0453-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-016-0453-z"},{"key":"524_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0443-2","volume":"6","author":"MR Mason","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mason MR, Chambers S, Dabdoub SM, Thikkurissy S, Kumar PS. Characterizing oral microbial communities across dentition States and colonization niches. Microbiome. 2018;6:67.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"524_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gomez A, Nelson KE. The Oral Microbiome of Children: Development, Disease, and Implications Beyond Oral Health. Microb Ecol [Internet]. 2017;73:492\u2013503. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00248-016-0854-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-016-0854-1"},{"key":"524_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes A, Cardoso V, Moreira L, Ramos-jorge J. Effect of oral hygiene in infants before dental eruption on Candida spp. Colonization and the occurrence of oral candidiasis: A randomized clinical trial. 2023;15.","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.60885"},{"key":"524_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2018.2006.00282.x","volume":"8","author":"E Comina","year":"2006","unstructured":"Comina E, Marion K, Renaud FNR, Dore J, Bergeron E, Freney J. Pacifiers: A microbial reservoir. Nurs Heal Sci. 2006;8:216\u201323.","journal-title":"Nurs Heal Sci"},{"key":"524_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.35790\/eg.v12i1.49271","volume":"12","author":"N Hartati","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hartati N, Narwidina A, Kuswandari S. Oral candidiasis management in a child with pacifier sucking habit: A case report. e-GiGi. 2023;12:132\u20136.","journal-title":"e-GiGi"},{"key":"524_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montelongo-Jauregui D, Lopez-Ribot JL. Candida interactions with the oral bacterial microbiota. J Fungi. 2018;4.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4040122"},{"key":"524_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Seta F, Larsen B. Antimicrobial activity of a vaginal gel formulation: considerations related to vaginal infection and dysbiosis. Pathogens. 2021;10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10121576"},{"key":"524_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00942-09","volume":"47","author":"DJ Diekema","year":"2009","unstructured":"Diekema DJ, Messer SA, Boyken LB, Hollis RJ, Kroeger J, Tendolkar S, et al. In vitro activity of seven systemically active antifungal agents against a large global collection of rare Candida species as determined by CLSI broth microdilution methods. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:3170\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"524_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2013-0058","volume":"3","author":"RC Dregalla","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dregalla RC, Lyons NF, Reischling PD, Centeno CJ. Amide-Type local anesthetics and human mesenchymal stem cells: clinical implications for stem cell therapy. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2014;3:365\u201374.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"524_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000047201.85815.9D","volume":"96","author":"E Boselli","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boselli E, Duflo F, Debon R, Allaouchiche B, Chassard D, Thomas L, et al. The induction of apoptosis by local anesthetics: A comparison between Lidocaine and ropivacaine. Anesth Analg. 2003;96:755\u20136.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"524_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Birant S, Duran Y, Akkoc T, Seymen F. Cytotoxic effects of different detergent containing children\u2019s toothpastes on human gingival epithelial cells. BMC Oral Health [Internet]. 2022;22:1\u201316. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-022-02089-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02089-2"},{"key":"524_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2024.03.001","volume":"14","author":"AFS Marques","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marques AFS, Silva NM, da Cruz M, Marques J, da Mata AD. Hyaluronic acid-based gels for oral application: comparison of in vitro effects on gingival cells and bacteria. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2024;14:238\u201344.","journal-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofac Res"},{"key":"524_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.32895\/UMP.MPR.8.3.22","volume":"8","author":"XT-Y Nguyen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nguyen XT-Y, Nguyen TT, Huynh NC-N. Hyaluronic acid promotes cellular characteristics of human gingival fibroblasts in-vitro. MedPharmRes. 2024;8:197\u2013207.","journal-title":"MedPharmRes"},{"key":"524_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7378","volume":"36","author":"JB de Lima Dantas","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Lima Dantas JB, Freire TFC, Sanches ACB, Juli\u00e3o ELD, Medrado ARAP, Martins GB. Action of Matricaria recutita (chamomile) in the management of radiochemotherapy oral mucositis: A systematic review. Phyther Res. 2022;36:1115\u201325.","journal-title":"Phyther Res"},{"key":"524_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13749","volume":"28","author":"MA Elhadad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elhadad MA, El-Negoumy E, Taalab MR, Ibrahim RS, Elsaka RO. The effect of topical chamomile in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis: A randomized clinical trial. Oral Dis. 2022;28:164\u201372.","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"524_CR42","first-page":"9","volume":"35","author":"ME Morrow","year":"1988","unstructured":"Morrow ME, Berry CW. Antimicrobial properties of topical anesthetic liquids containing Lidocaine or Benzocaine. Anesth Prog. 1988;35:9\u201313.","journal-title":"Anesth Prog"},{"key":"524_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-03460-4","volume":"38","author":"BM Razavi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Razavi BM, Fazly Bazzaz BS. A review and new insights to antimicrobial action of local anesthetics. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019;38:991\u20131002.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"524_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.12008","volume":"56","author":"PK Sreenivasan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sreenivasan PK, Haraszthy VI, Zambon JJ. Antimicrobial efficacy of 0\u00b705% cetylpyridinium chloride mouthrinses. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2013;56:14\u201320.","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"524_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-011-4408-2","volume":"22","author":"A Ardizzoni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ardizzoni A, Neglia RG, Baschieri MC, Cermelli C, Caratozzolo M, Righi E, et al. Influence of hyaluronic acid on bacterial and fungal species, including clinically relevant opportunistic pathogens. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2011;22:2329\u201338.","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"524_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2008.02.015","volume":"53","author":"T Pereira-Cenci","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pereira-Cenci T, Deng DM, Kraneveld EA, Manders EMM, Del Bel Cury AA, ten Cate JM, et al. The effect of Streptococcus mutans and Candida glabrata on Candida albicans biofilms formed on different surfaces. Arch Oral Biol. 2008;53:755\u201364.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"524_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131700","volume":"10","author":"RD Rossoni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rossoni RD, Barbosa JO, Vilela SFG, Dos Santos JD, De Barros PP, De Cristina M, et al. Competitive interactions between C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei during biofilm formation and development of experimental candidiasis. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:1\u201323.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"524_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107BOR-2016.vol30.0023","volume":"30","author":"JD Santos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Santos JD, Dos, Piva E, Vilela SFG, Jorge AOC, Junqueira JC. Mixed biofilms formed by C. albicans and non-albicans species: a study of microbial interactions. Braz Oral Res. 2016;30:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Braz Oral Res"}],"container-title":["Head &amp; Face Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13005-025-00524-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13005-025-00524-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13005-025-00524-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T02:04:42Z","timestamp":1751681082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/head-face-med.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13005-025-00524-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["524"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13005-025-00524-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"47"}}