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Although quantitative sensory testing (QST) objectively assesses sensory thresholds, its clinical implications in migraine patients are unclear. We hypothesized that migraine patients have lower thermal pain thresholds than controls, reflecting sensory hypersensitivity associated with central sensitization\u2013related features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a single-center case\u2013control study including 130 patients with migraine and 130 sex-matched healthy controls. Thermal QST was performed during headache-free interictal periods using Intercross-220, assessing the heat detection threshold (HDT), cold detection threshold (CDT), thermal sensory limen (TSL), heat pain threshold (HPT), and cold pain threshold (CPT). Symptoms associated with central sensitization were assessed using the Japanese version of the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), a self-report questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with healthy controls, migraine patients had a significantly lower HPT and higher CPT, indicating hypersensitivity to thermal pain, as well as altered HDTs and CDTs, while the TSL did not differ between groups. The CSI score was significantly correlated with migraine-related disability, interictal burden, ictal allodynia, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms. CSI scores were also significantly associated with QST pain-related parameters, whereas other clinical measures were not significantly correlated with sensory thresholds. QST-defined interictal allodynia was more prevalent in migraine patients than in controls (19.2% vs. 8.5%). A CSI score\u2009\u2265\u200940, indicating a high burden of central sensitivity\u2013related symptoms, was observed in 30.8% of migraine patients and 0.8% of healthy controls. In migraine patients, a CSI score\u2009\u2265\u200940 identified QST-defined allodynia with 100% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with migraine exhibit interictal hypersensitivity to thermal pain. The CSI may serve as a useful patient-reported tool for identifying symptom burden associated with central sensitization-related sensory hypersensitivity in migraine patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-026-00614-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T01:04:17Z","timestamp":1773968657000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Interictal thermal pain hypersensitivity and central sensitization in migraine patients: a case\u2013control study using quantitative sensory testing"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiho","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Haruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukuto","family":"Shioda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saro","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryotaro","family":"Hida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10283","key":"614_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32160-7","volume":"397","author":"M Ashina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ashina M, Katsarava Z, Do TP, Buse DC, Pozo-Rosich P, Ozge A, Krymchantowski AV, Lebedeva ER, Ravishankar K, Yu S, Sacco S, Ashina S, Younis S, Steiner TJ, Lipton RB. 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K Suzuki received lecture fees from Eli Lilly Japan, Daiichi Sankyo and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., during this study. S Suzuki received lecture fees from Eli Lilly Japan, Daiichi Sankyo, Amgen and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., during this study. Y Haruyama, M Shioda, S Kobayashi and R Hida have nothing to disclose. K Hirata received lecture fees from Eli Lilly Japan, Daiichi Sankyo, Amgen and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., during this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"47"}}