{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:07:44Z","timestamp":1788912464458,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":78,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Head Face Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-026-00638-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T13:33:08Z","timestamp":1782221588000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of build orientation on fracture load and surface roughness of three-unit provisional fixed partial dentures fabricated by digital light processing"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Arshad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahya","family":"Hasanzade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimah Haydar","family":"Al-Bahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Ali","family":"Mosaddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"638_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.2017-315","volume":"37","author":"AO Abdullah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abdullah AO, Pollington S, Liu Y. Comparison between direct chairside and digitally fabricated temporary crowns. Dent Mater J. 2018;37:957\u201363.","journal-title":"Dent Mater J"},{"key":"638_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12888","volume":"34","author":"PJ Atria","year":"2022","unstructured":"Atria PJ, Bordin D, Marti F, Nayak VV, Conejo J, Benalc\u00e1zar Jalkh E, et al. 3D-printed resins for provisional dental restorations: Comparison of mechanical and biological properties. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2022;34:804\u201315.","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"638_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.02.009","volume":"125","author":"L Gantz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gantz L, Fauxpoint G, Arntz Y, Pelletier H, Etienne O. In vitro comparison of the surface roughness of polymethyl methacrylate and bis-acrylic resins for interim restorations before and after polishing. J Prosthet Dent. 2021;125:833. e1\u2013. e10.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"638_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.13481","volume":"37","author":"D Pallis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pallis D, Pachiou A, Dimitriadi M, Sykaras N, Kourtis S. A Comparative In Vitro Study of Materials for Provisional Restorations Manufactured With Additive (3Dprinting), Subtractive (Milling), and Conventional Techniques. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2025;37:2011\u201320.","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"638_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06296-5","volume":"25","author":"G Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Y\u0131lmaz G, Ye\u015fil Z. A new era in provisional restorations: evaluating marginal accuracy and fracture strength in additive, substractive and conventional techniques. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25:909.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"638_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4103\/drj.drj_286_25","volume":"22","author":"BK Ramnarayan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ramnarayan BK, Nagral SM, Nanaiah P, Satelur KP, Venkatasubramanian R, Avinash J. Revolutionizing dental restorations: Insights into computer-aided design\/computer-aided manufacturing materials - A systematic review. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2025;22:52.","journal-title":"Dent Res J (Isfahan)"},{"key":"638_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2023.07.006","volume":"130","author":"AA Thomas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thomas AA, Daniel AY, Gandhi N, Roy N, Varghese KG, Wadhwa S, et al. Surface trueness and precision of interim restorations fabricated by digital light processing and CAD-CAM milling systems. J Prosthet Dent. 2023;130:e6111\u20137.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"638_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.05.034","volume":"124","author":"JS Shim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shim JS, Kim J-E, Jeong SH, Choi YJ, Ryu JJ. Printing accuracy, mechanical properties, surface characteristics, and microbial adhesion of 3D-printed resins with various printing orientations. J Prosthet Dent. 2020;124:468\u201375.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"638_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4525","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15234525","volume":"15","author":"M Dimitrova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dimitrova M, Vlahova A, Kalachev Y, Zlatev S, Kazakova R, Capodiferro S. Recent Advances in 3D Printing of Polymers for Application in Prosthodontics. Polym (Basel). 2023;15:4525.","journal-title":"Polym (Basel)"},{"key":"638_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8353137","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8353137","volume":"2022","author":"AA Alshamrani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alshamrani AA, Raju R, Ellakwa A. Effect of Printing Layer Thickness and Postprinting Conditions on the Flexural Strength and Hardness of a 3D-Printed Resin. Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022:8353137.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"638_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14061487","volume":"14","author":"W Moon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moon W, Kim S, Lim BS, Park YS, Kim RJ, Chung SH. Dimensional Accuracy Evaluation of Temporary Dental Restorations with Different 3D Printing Systems. Mater (Basel). 2021;14:1487.","journal-title":"Mater (Basel)"},{"key":"638_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.12801","volume":"28","author":"M Revilla-Le\u00f3n","year":"2019","unstructured":"Revilla-Le\u00f3n M, \u00d6zcan M. Additive Manufacturing Technologies Used for Processing Polymers: Current Status and Potential Application in Prosthetic Dentistry. J Prosthodont. 2019;28:146\u201358.","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"638_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.21-0072","volume":"63","author":"H Kihara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kihara H, Sugawara S, Yokota J, Takafuji K, Fukazawa S, Tamada A, et al. Applications of three-dimensional printers in prosthetic dentistry. J Oral Sci. 2021;63:212\u20136.","journal-title":"J Oral Sci"},{"key":"638_CR14","first-page":"20170057","volume":"3","author":"Y Gong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gong Y, Xu J, Buchanan RC. Surface roughness: A review of its measurement at micro-\/nano-scale. Phys Sci Rev. 2018;3:20170057.","journal-title":"Phys Sci Rev"},{"key":"638_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133854","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3011136","volume":"8","author":"J Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee J, Saleah SA, Jeon B, Wijesinghe RE, Lee D-E, Jeon M, et al. Assessment of the Inner Surface Roughness of 3D Printed Dental Crowns via Optical Coherence Tomography Using a Roughness Quantification Algorithm. IEEE Access. 2020;8:133854\u201364.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"638_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02323-x","volume":"22","author":"E Eslemez Topcu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eslemez Topcu E, \u015eahin O, K\u00f6ro\u011flu A, C\u00f6mert F, Yilmaz B. Surface roughness and Streptococcus mutans adhesion on surface sealant agent coupled interim crown materials after dynamic loading. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22:299.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"638_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sasany R, Al-Johani H, Mosaddad SA. Fabrication trueness and optical, surface, and mechanical properties of additively manufactured polymethyl methacrylate definitive crowns reinforced with silica and titanium oxide nanoparticles: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent. 2026;S0022\u20133913(26):00097\u20131.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.02.013"},{"key":"638_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-07844-3","volume":"26","author":"DD Hartavi","year":"2026","unstructured":"Hartavi DD, C\u0131z\u0131ro\u011flu N, Sasany R, Babat MA, Mosaddad SA. Effect of an alginate-based antacid and simulated gastric acid on the surface roughness and color stability of CAD\/CAM resin-based materials. BMC Oral Health. 2026;26:445.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"638_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2023.105961","volume":"144","author":"WF Martins","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martins WF, Coelho CSS, Amaral F, Fran\u00e7a FMG, Turssi CP, Cavalli V, et al. Fracture load and failure mode of semi-direct resin composite occlusal veneers: Influence of design and mechanical cycling. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2023;144:105961.","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"638_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16051997","volume":"16","author":"J Schweiger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schweiger J, Erdelt KJ, Graf T, Sciuk T, Edelhoff D, G\u00fcth JF. The Fracture Load as a Function of the Material Thickness: The Key to Computing the Strength of Monolithic All-Ceramic Materials? Mater (Basel). 2023;16:1997.","journal-title":"Mater (Basel)"},{"key":"638_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13524","volume":"32","author":"J Legaz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Legaz J, Sailer I, Mojon P, Lee H, Karasan D. Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured and Milled Interim 3-Unit Fixed Dental Prostheses. J Prosthodont. 2023;32:234\u201343.","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"638_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17192694","volume":"17","author":"PW Peng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peng PW, Chou JS, Chen LX, Chuang PE, Takahashi H, Hsieh MC, et al. Influence of Post-Washing Time and Build Orientation on Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Additively Manufactured Permanent Dental Resin Material. Polym (Basel). 2025;17:2694.","journal-title":"Polym (Basel)"},{"key":"638_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2020.12.4.225","volume":"12","author":"JE Ryu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ryu JE, Kim YL, Kong HJ, Chang HS, Jung JH. Marginal and internal fit of 3D printed provisional crowns according to build directions. J Adv Prosthodont. 2020;12:225\u201332.","journal-title":"J Adv Prosthodont"},{"key":"638_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2020.04.028","volume":"126","author":"BY Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu BY, Son K, Lee KB. Evaluation of intaglio surface trueness and margin quality of interim crowns in accordance with the build angle of stereolithography apparatus 3-dimensional printing. J Prosthet Dent. 2021;126:231\u20137.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"638_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2015.12.002","volume":"115","author":"N Alharbi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alharbi N, Osman R, Wismeijer D. Effects of build direction on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed complete coverage interim dental restorations. J Prosthet Dent. 2016;115:760\u20137.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"638_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-07330-2","volume":"26","author":"GMA Ibrahim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ibrahim GMA, Abdelhamid TA, Elgabrouny MA, Kassem AAS. Evaluation of fit and fracture strength of three-dimensional provisional crowns printed with different orientations and different layer thicknesses: an in-vitro study. BMC Oral Health. 2025;26:92.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"638_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104155","volume":"124","author":"AA Diken Turksayar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Diken Turksayar AA, Donmez MB, Olcay EO, Demirel M, Demir E. Effect of printing orientation on the fracture strength of additively manufactured 3-unit interim fixed dental prostheses after aging. J Dent. 2022;124:104155.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"638_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.08.008","volume":"133","author":"S Mudhaffer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mudhaffer S, Haider J, Satterthwaite J, Silikas N. Effects of print orientation and artificial aging on the flexural strength and flexural modulus of 3D printed restorative resin materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2025;133:1345\u201357.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"638_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2023.05.002","volume":"39","author":"EF de Castro","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Castro EF, Nima G, Rueggeberg FA, Ara\u00fajo-Neto VG, Faraoni JJ, Palma-Dibb RG, et al. Effect of build orientation in gloss, roughness and color of 3D-printed resins for provisional indirect restorations. Dent Mater. 2023;39:e1\u201311.","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"638_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.4103\/jips.jips_306_17","volume":"18","author":"I Dureja","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dureja I, Yadav B, Malhotra P, Dabas N, Bhargava A, Pahwa R. A comparative evaluation of vertical marginal fit of provisional crowns fabricated by computer-aided design\/computer-aided manufacturing technique and direct (intraoral technique) and flexural strength of the materials: An in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2018;18:314\u201320.","journal-title":"J Indian Prosthodont Soc"},{"key":"638_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16080278","volume":"16","author":"FK Alqarawi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alqarawi FK. The Influence of Printing Orientation on the Properties of 3D-Printed Polymeric Provisional Dental Restorations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Funct Biomater. 2025;16:278.","journal-title":"J Funct Biomater"},{"key":"638_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aljehani A, Nabalawi A, Hefni A, Alsefri Z, Fakhry O, Al Zaibak W et al. Effect of build orientation on the fracture resistance and marginal quality of 3D-printed anatomic provisional crowns: An in-vitro study. Saudi Dent J. 2024;36:584\u201390.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2024.01.004"},{"key":"638_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15071737","volume":"15","author":"RI Alkhateeb","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alkhateeb RI, Algaoud HS, Aldamanhori RB, Alshubaili RR, Alalawi H, Gad MM. Fracture Load of 3D-Printed Interim Three-Unit Fixed Dental Prostheses: Impact of Printing Orientation and Post-Curing Time. Polym (Basel). 2023;15:1737.","journal-title":"Polym (Basel)"},{"key":"638_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-02952-7","volume":"24","author":"M Reymus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reymus M, Fabritius R, Ke\u00dfler A, Hickel R, Edelhoff D, Stawarczyk B. Fracture load of 3D-printed fixed dental prostheses compared with milled and conventionally fabricated ones: the impact of resin material, build direction, post-curing, and artificial aging-an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24:701\u201310.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"638_CR35","first-page":"307","volume":"38","author":"S Sahni","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sahni S, Kaurani P, Bhambhu S, Yadav A. Influence of Different Build Directions on the Fracture Load and Surface Roughness of Additively Manufactured Three-Unit Provisional Restorations: An In Vitro Study. Int J Prosthodont. 2025;38:307\u201314.","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"638_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-3759","volume":"25","author":"S Paranna","year":"2024","unstructured":"Paranna S, Thosar N, Kanitkar A. Effect of Build Orientation on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Additively Manufactured Resins Using Digital Light Processing Technology in Dentistry: A Systematic Review. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2024;25:891\u2013903.","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"638_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2020.02.008","volume":"125","author":"M Revilla-Le\u00f3n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Revilla-Le\u00f3n M, Jordan D, Methani MM, Piedra-Casc\u00f3n W, \u00d6zcan M, Zandinejad A. Influence of printing angulation on the surface roughness of additive manufactured clear silicone indices: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent. 2021;125:462\u20138.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"638_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.758","volume":"9","author":"M Hasanzade","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hasanzade M, Yaghoobi N, Nematollahi P, Ghazanfari R. Comparison of the marginal and internal fit of PMMA interim crowns printed with different layer thicknesses in 3D-printing technique. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2023;9:832\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dent Res"},{"key":"638_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.04.010","volume":"133","author":"SA Mosaddad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mosaddad SA, Pel\u00e1ez J, Panadero RA, Ghodsi S, Akhlaghian M, Su\u00e1rez MJ. Do 3D printed and milled tooth-supported complete monolithic zirconia crowns differ in accuracy and fit? A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. J Prosthet Dent. 2025;133:383\u201393.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"638_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12121970","volume":"12","author":"C Arnold","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arnold C, Monsees D, Hey J, Schweyen R. Surface quality of 3D-printed models as a function of various printing parameters. Materials. 2019;12:1970.","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"638_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3390\/dj13110498","volume":"13","author":"O Al Hatem","year":"2025","unstructured":"Al Hatem O, Ontiveros JC, Belles DM, Gonzalez MD, van der Hoeven R. Surface Roughness and Microbial Adhesion on Four Provisional Prosthodontic Restorative Materials. Dent J (Basel). 2025;13:498.","journal-title":"Dent J (Basel)"},{"key":"638_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mosaddad SA, Diaz P, Khanzadeh H, Khorasani E, Pel\u00e1ez J, Su\u00e1rez MJ. Do color stability and translucency differ between 3D printed and milled resin-based fixed dental restorations? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2026;S0022\u20133913(26):00099\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2026.02.015"},{"key":"638_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2025.101613","volume":"157","author":"M Ebrahimi","year":"2026","unstructured":"Ebrahimi M, Shaikh H, Rezvani Sichani H, Ramachandran RA, Paramasivan M, Fazle Alam M, et al. Additive manufacturing for Dentistry: A comprehensive review of techniques and applications. Prog Mater Sci. 2026;157:101613.","journal-title":"Prog Mater Sci"},{"key":"638_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurt SS, Ceylan G, Emir F, Kurt H. Effects of printing orientation on the mechanical performance of 3D-printed PMMA resins. BMC Oral Health. 2026;26:824.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08239-0"},{"key":"638_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71547","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71547","volume":"8","author":"SA Mosaddad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mosaddad SA. Standardizing Methodologies in Prosthodontics to Improve Research Reliability and Peer Review Efficiency: A Perspective-Based Proposal. Health Sci Rep. 2025;8:e71547.","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Head & Face Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13005-026-00638-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13005-026-00638-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13005-026-00638-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:37:03Z","timestamp":1788910623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13005-026-00638-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13005-026-00638-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-160X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR.TUMS.DENTISTRY.REC.1402.077).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"74"}}