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However, whether child protective services (CPS)-mandated women\u2019s residential SUD treatment leads to improved treatment retention in comparison to criminal justice (CJ)-mandated and nonmandated treatment remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study compared the number of days retained in residential SUD treatment among three referral sources (CPS, CJ, and nonmandated), while also examining whether having a co-occurring mental health disorder or increased stress, depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomology contributed to decreased retention. This study tested the hypothesis that women mandated by the CPS and CJ systems would have improved residential SUD treatment retention compared with nonmandated women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Multiple regression analyses were conducted on data for a diverse sample of 245 women (Hispanic:\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009141, Black:\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200950, White:\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200950) mandated or nonmandated (CJ:\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009114, CPS:\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200982, nonmandated:\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200949) into residential SUD treatment to determine each group\u2019s treatment retention outcomes.\n                      <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                      Women mandated to SUD residential treatment by the CPS system remained in treatment significantly longer (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.046), compared to women not mandated, representing a 34.4% increase in retention. Findings further revealed a corresponding 2.3% decrease in retention (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.048) for each one-unit increase in a patient\u2019s stress score, whereas those with a co-occurring mental health diagnosis had a 43.6% decrease in SUD treatment retention (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Policy and clinical considerations include (a) increasing case management support and wraparound services that meet the multiple service needs of women who are nonmandated to residential SUD treatment, and (b) incorporating a more nuanced treatment approach that manages mental health disorders and stress symptomology early in treatment when women are most vulnerable to relapse and treatment dropout.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02977988\">NCT02977988<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      (first posted November 30, 2016; last update posted October 7, 2019); U.S. NIH Grant\/Contract:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/projectreporter.nih.gov\/project_info_description.cfm?aid=9489228&amp;icde=53762501&amp;ddparam=&amp;ddvalue=&amp;ddsub=&amp;cr=1&amp;csb=default&amp;cs=ASC&amp;pball=\">5R01DA038648<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-021-00357-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T08:04:15Z","timestamp":1614672255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Examination of referral source and retention among women in residential substance use disorder treatment: a prospective follow-up study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5997-4377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dean","family":"Rivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Dueker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hortensia","family":"Amaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"357_CR1","volume-title":"Prisoners in 2016 (NCJ 251149)","author":"E Carson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carson E. 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