{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:08:30Z","timestamp":1783444110326,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Implementation Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A central goal of implementation science is to generate insights that allow evidence-based practices to be successfully applied across diverse settings. However, challenges often arise in preserving programs\u2019 effectiveness outside the context of their intervention development. We propose that qualitative data can inform generalizability via elucidating mechanisms of an intervention. Critical realist thematic analysis provides a framework for applying qualitative data to identify causal relationships. This approach can be used to develop mechanism maps, a tool rooted in policy that has been used in health systems interventions, to explain how and why interventions work. We illustrate use of these approaches through a case example of a community health worker (CHW)-delivered gestational diabetes (GDM) screening intervention in Pune, India. CHWs successfully improved uptake of oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) among pregnant women, however clinical management of GDM was suboptimal.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Qualitative interviews were conducted with 53 purposively sampled participants (pregnant women, CHWs, maternal health clinicians). Interview transcripts were reviewed using a critical realist thematic analysis approach to develop a coding scheme pertinent to our research questions: \u201cWhat caused high uptake of GDM screening?\u201d and \u201cWhy did most women with GDM referred to clinics did not receive evidence-based management?\u201d. Mechanism maps were retrospectively generated using short- and long-term outcomes as fenceposts to illustrate causal pathways of the CHW\u2013delivered program and subsequent clinical GDM management.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Critical realist thematic analysis generated mechanism maps showed that CHWs facilitated GDM screening uptake through affective, cognitive and logistic pathways of influence. Lack of evidence-based treatment of GDM at clinics was caused by 1) clinicians lacking time or initiative to provide GDM counseling and 2) low perceived pre-test probability of GDM in this population of women without traditional risk factors. Mechanism mapping identified areas for adaptation to improve the intervention for future iterations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mechanism maps created by repeated engagement following the critical realist thematic analysis method can provide a retrospective framework to understand causal relationships between factors driving intervention successes or failures. This process, in turn, can inform the generalizability of health programs by identifying constituent factors and their interrelationships that are central to implementation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-024-01407-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T08:43:15Z","timestamp":1735029795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Generalizing from qualitative data: a case example using critical realist thematic analysis and mechanism mapping to evaluate a community health worker-led screening program in India"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Broderick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthi","family":"Vaidyanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Ponticiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misha","family":"Hooda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaishali","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Chalem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puja","family":"Chebrolu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashlesha","family":"Onawale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Mathad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8451-2243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radhika","family":"Sundararajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1407_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Williams L, Rycroft-Malone J, Burton CR. Bringing critical realism to nursing practice: Roy Bhaskar'scontribution. Nurs Philos. 2017;18(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nup.12130.","DOI":"10.1111\/nup.12130"},{"key":"1407_CR2","unstructured":"Bhaskar, R. A Realist Theory of Science\u00a0(1st ed.).\u00a0London: Routledge; 2008."},{"issue":"2","key":"1407_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1177\/0048393103262550","volume":"34","author":"M Bunge","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bunge M. How Does It Work?: The Search for Explanatory Mechanisms. Philos Soc Sci. 2004;34(2):182\u2013210.","journal-title":"Philos Soc Sci"},{"key":"1407_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sayer A. Realism and Social Science. Sage Publications; 1999","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446218730"},{"issue":"2","key":"1407_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infoandorg.2003.06.001","volume":"14","author":"J Mingers","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mingers J. Real-izing information systems: critical realism as an underpinning philosophy for information systems. Inf Organ. 2004;14(2):87\u2013103.","journal-title":"Inf Organ"},{"key":"1407_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wynn Jr D, Williams CK. Principles for conducting critical realist case study research in information systems. MIS quarterly. 2012:787-810.","DOI":"10.2307\/41703481"},{"issue":"6","key":"1407_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00136.PMID:29868544;PMCID:PMC5949843","volume":"7","author":"CC Lewis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lewis CC, Klasnja P, Powell BJ, Lyon AR, Tuzzio L, Jones S, Walsh-Bailey C, Weiner B. From Classification to Causality: Advancing Understanding of Mechanisms of Change in Implementation Science. Front Public Health. 2018;7(6):136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00136.PMID:29868544;PMCID:PMC5949843.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"1407_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053474.PMID:34663668;PMCID:PMC8524292","volume":"11","author":"CC Lewis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lewis CC, Powell BJ, Brewer SK, Nguyen AM, Schriger SH, Vejnoska SF, Walsh-Bailey C, Aarons GA, Beidas RS, Lyon AR, Weiner B, Williams N, Mittman B. Advancing mechanisms of implementation to accelerate sustainable evidence-based practice integration: protocol for generating a research agenda. BMJ Open. 2021;11(10):e053474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053474.PMID:34663668;PMCID:PMC8524292.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"1407_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-024-00633-5","volume":"5","author":"CC Lewis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lewis CC, Frank HE, Cruden G, Kim B, Stahmer AC, Lyon AR, Albers B, Aarons GA, Beidas RS, Mittman BS, Weiner BJ, Williams NJ, Powell BJ, MNoE Group. A research agenda to advance the study of implementation mechanisms. Implement Sci Commun. 2024;5(1):98. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43058-024-00633-5. PMID: 39285504; PMCID: PMC11403843.","journal-title":"Implement Sci Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"1407_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyac135","volume":"51","author":"D Rodrigues","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rodrigues D, Kreif N, Lawrence-Jones A, Barahona M, Mayer E. Reflection on modern methods: constructing directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) with domain experts for health services research. Int J Epidemiol. 2022;51(4):1339\u201348.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1407_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2008.10.005","volume":"62","author":"CL Tsai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tsai CL, Camargo CA. Methodological considerations, such as directed acyclic graphs, for studying \u201cacute on chronic\u201d disease epidemiology: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease example. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009;62(9):982\u201390.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"17","key":"1407_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000432454.68357.6a","volume":"27","author":"NE Rosenberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosenberg NE, Westreich D, B\u00e4rnighausen T, Miller WC, Behets F, Maman S, et al. Assessing the effect of HIV counselling and testing on HIV acquisition among South African youth. AIDS Lond Engl. 2013;27(17):2765\u201373.","journal-title":"AIDS Lond Engl"},{"issue":"1","key":"1407_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-015-0237-x","volume":"10","author":"SM Dalkin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dalkin SM, Greenhalgh J, Jones D, Cunningham B, Lhussier M. What\u2019s in a mechanism? Development of a key concept in realist evaluation. Implement Sci. 2015;10(1):49.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1407_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-014-0115-y","volume":"9","author":"KL Salter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salter KL, Kothari A. Using realist evaluation to open the black box of knowledge translation: a state-of-the-art review. Implement Sci. 2014;9(1):115.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"1407_CR15","unstructured":"Pawson R, Tilley N. Realistic Evaluation. SAGE publications; 1997."},{"issue":"17","key":"1407_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9065","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18179065","volume":"18","author":"A Haynes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haynes A, Gilchrist H, Oliveira JS, Tiedemann A. Using Realist Evaluation to Understand Process Outcomes in a COVID-19-Impacted Yoga Intervention Trial: A Worked Example. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(17):9065.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1407_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-016-0413-7","volume":"11","author":"JY Tsang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tsang JY, Blakeman T, Hegarty J, Humphreys J, Harvey G. Understanding the implementation of interventions to improve the management of chronic kidney disease in primary care: a rapid realist review. Implement Sci. 2016;11(1):47.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1407_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-9-47","volume":"9","author":"DE Bick","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bick DE, Rycroft-Malone J, Fontenla M. A case study evaluation of implementation of a care pathway to support normal birth in one English birth centre: anticipated benefits and unintended consequences. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2009;9(1):47.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"4","key":"1407_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/14767430.2022.2076776","volume":"21","author":"T Fryer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fryer T. A critical realist approach to thematic analysis: producing causal explanations. J Crit Realism. 2022;21(4):365\u201384.","journal-title":"J Crit Realism"},{"key":"1407_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Geng EH, Baumann AA, Powell BJ. Mechanism mapping to advance research on implementation strategies. PLoS Med. 2022;19(2):e1003918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003918.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003918"},{"issue":"1","key":"1407_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-023-00435-1","volume":"4","author":"AM Kilbourne","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kilbourne AM, Geng E, Eshun-Wilson I, Sweeney S, Shelley D, Cohen DJ, et al. How does facilitation in healthcare work? Using mechanism mapping to illuminate the black box of a meta-implementation strategy. Implement Sci Commun. 2023;4(1):53.","journal-title":"Implement Sci Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"1407_CR22","first-page":"158","volume":"35","author":"MJ Williams","year":"2020","unstructured":"Williams MJ. External Validity and Policy Adaptation: From Impact Evaluation to Policy Design. Health Nutr Popul. 2020;35(2):158\u201391.","journal-title":"Health Nutr Popul"},{"key":"1407_CR23","unstructured":"Williams MJ. External Validity and Policy Adaptation: A Five-step Guide to Mechanism Mapping. Policy Memo, Blavatnik School of Government, Oxford University, Oxford, UK, https:\/\/www.bsg.ox.ac.uk\/research\/publications\/external-validity-and-policy-adaptation-0 . 2017."},{"issue":"10","key":"1407_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001622","volume":"3","author":"P Chebrolu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chebrolu P, Chalem A, Ponticiello M, Broderick K, Vaidyanathan A, Lorenc R, et al. A community health worker-led program to improve access to gestational diabetes screening in urban slums of Pune, India: Results from a mixed methods study. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2023;3(10): e0001622.","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1407_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732316665344","volume":"27","author":"MM Hennink","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hennink MM, Kaiser BN, Marconi VC. Code Saturation Versus Meaning Saturation: How Many Interviews Are Enough? Qual Health Res. 2017;27(4):591\u2013608.","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1407_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-022-01702-8","volume":"21","author":"HM Thompson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thompson HM, Clement AM, Ortiz R, Preston TM, Quantrell ALW, Enfield M, et al. Community engagement to improve access to healthcare: a comparative case study to advance implementation science for transgender health equity. Int J Equity Health. 2022;21(1):104.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1407_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-022-01226-3.PMID:35964095;PMCID:PMC9375077","volume":"17","author":"RS Beidas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Beidas RS, Dorsey S, Lewis CC, Lyon AR, Powell BJ, Purtle J, Saldana L, Shelton RC, Stirman SW, Lane-Fall MB. Promises and pitfalls in implementation science from the perspective of US-based researchers: learning from a pre-mortem. Implement Sci. 2022;17(1):55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13012-022-01226-3.PMID:35964095;PMCID:PMC9375077.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"1407_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lewis CC, Klasnja P, Lyon AR, Powell BJ, Lengnick-Hall R, Buchanan G, Meza RD, Chan MC, BoyntonMH, Weiner BJ. The mechanics of implementation strategies and measures: advancing the study of implementation mechanisms. Implement Sci Commun. 2022;3(1):114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43058-022-00358-3.","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-022-00358-3"},{"key":"1407_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lewis CC, Boyd MR, Walsh-Bailey C, Lyon AR, Beidas R, Mittman B, Aarons GA, Weiner BJ, Chambers DA. A systematic review of empirical studies examining mechanisms of implementation in health. Implement Sci. 2020;15(1):21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13012-020-00983-3.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-020-00983-3"},{"key":"1407_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Prabh JK, Kondamuri SD, Samal S, Sen M. Knowledge of gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women in a semiurban hospital - A cross -sectional study.\u00a0Clin Epidemiol Glob Health.2021(12). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cegh.2021.100854.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2021.100854"},{"issue":"1","key":"1407_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.107861","volume":"17","author":"V Shriraam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shriraam V, Rani MA, Sathiyasekaran BWC, Mahadevan S. Awareness of gestational diabetes mellitus among antenatal women in a primary health center in South India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;17(1):146\u20138.","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1407_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Consensus Panel; Metzger BE, Gabbe SG, Persson B, Buchanan TA, Catalano PA, Damm P, Dyer AR, Leiva Ad, Hod M, Kitzmiler JL, Lowe LP, McIntyre HD, Oats JJ, Omori Y, Schmidt MI. International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(3):676-82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc09-1848.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1848"},{"key":"1407_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-024-01352-0","volume":"19","author":"DA Chambers","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chambers DA, Emmons KM. Navigating the field of implementation science towards maturity: challenges and opportunities. Implementation Sci. 2024;19:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13012-024-01352-0.","journal-title":"Implementation Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1407_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/dar097","volume":"28","author":"AJ Milat","year":"2013","unstructured":"Milat AJ, King L, Bauman AE, Redman S. The concept of scalability: increasing the scale and potential adoption of health promotion interventions into policy and practice. Health Promot Int. 2013;28(3):285\u201398.","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"1407_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-017-0640-6","volume":"12","author":"GA Aarons","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aarons GA, Sklar M, Mustanski B, Benbow N, Brown CH. \u201cScaling-out\u201d evidence-based interventions to new populations or new health care delivery systems. Implement Sci. 2017;12(1):111.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1407_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4015-3","volume":"19","author":"P Nilsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nilsen P, Bernhardsson S. Context matters in implementation science: a scoping review of determinant frameworks that describe contextual determinants for implementation outcomes. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019;19(1):189.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1407_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.605191","volume":"5","author":"M Borgstede","year":"2021","unstructured":"Borgstede M, Scholz M. Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Generalization and Replication\u2013A Representationalist View. Front Psychol. 2021Feb;5(12):605191.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1407_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibab008","volume":"11","author":"C Snell-Rood","year":"2021","unstructured":"Snell-Rood C, Jaramillo ET, Hamilton AB, Raskin SE, Nicosia FM, Willging C. Advancing health equity through a theoretically critical implementation science. Translational behavioral medicine. 2021;11(8):1617\u201325.","journal-title":"Translational behavioral medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"1407_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-060922-034822","volume":"45","author":"P Adsul","year":"2024","unstructured":"Adsul P, Shelton RC, Oh A, Moise N, Iwelunmor J, Griffith DM. Challenges and Opportunities for Paving the Road to Global Health Equity Through Implementation Science. Annu Rev Public Health. 2024;45(1):27\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-060922-034822. (Epub 2024 Apr 3 PMID: 38166498).","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"1407_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173238","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1173238.PMID:37465422;PMCID:PMC10352086","volume":"3","author":"JL Wright","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wright JL, Achieng F, Tindi L, Patil M, Boga M, Kimani M, Barsosio HC, Juma D, Kiige L, Manu A, Kariuki S, Mathai M, Nabwera HM. Design and implementation of a community-based mother-to-mother peer support programme for the follow-up of low birthweight infants in rural western Kenya. Front Pediatr. 2023;3(11):1173238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1173238.PMID:37465422;PMCID:PMC10352086.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"1407_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2022.08.010","volume":"105","author":"S Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu S, Leduc N, Moullec G. Type 2 diabetes peer support interventions as a complement to primary care settings in high-income nations: A scoping review. Patient Educ Couns. 2022;105(11):3267\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pec.2022.08.010. (Epub 2022 Aug 20 PMID: 36038395).","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"1407_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chang LW, Nakigozi G, Billioux VG, Gray RH, Serwadda D, Quinn TC, Wawer MJ, Bollinger RC, Reynolds SJ. Effectiveness of peer support on care engagement and preventive care intervention utilization among pre-antiretroviral therapy, HIV-infected adults in Rakai, Uganda: a randomized trial. AIDS Behav. 2015;19(10):1742\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-015-1159-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1159-y"},{"issue":"2","key":"1407_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2020.1841218","volume":"47","author":"EJ Liebling","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liebling EJ, Perez JJS, Litterer MM, Greene C. Implementing hospital-based peer recovery support services for substance use disorder. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2021;47(2):229\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00952990.2020.1841218. (Epub 2020 Nov 20).","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"1407_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02923-3","volume":"20","author":"S White","year":"2020","unstructured":"White S, Foster R, Marks J, Morshead R, Goldsmith L, Barlow S, et al. The effectiveness of one-to-one peer support in mental health services: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatr. 2020;20:534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-020-02923-3.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatr"},{"key":"1407_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204138","DOI":"10.3389\/frhs.2023.1204138","volume":"3","author":"DA Chambers","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chambers DA. Advancing adaptation of evidence-based interventions through implementation science: progress and opportunities. Front Health Serv. 2023;3:1204138.","journal-title":"Front Health Serv"},{"key":"1407_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2023.104377","volume":"168","author":"AS Lau","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lau AS, Huey SJ, Baumann AA. Advances in the adaptation and implementation of evidence-based interventions for historically marginalized groups. Behav Res Ther. 2023;168: 104377.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"}],"container-title":["Implementation Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13012-024-01407-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13012-024-01407-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13012-024-01407-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T21:19:20Z","timestamp":1735075160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/implementationscience.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13012-024-01407-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13012-024-01407-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-5908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-5908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Weill Cornell Medicine Institutional Review Board (Protocol 21\u201306023615), and Sahara Aalhad, an Institutional Review Board in Pune, India. All participants were provided with written, informed consent. Qualitative interviews were conducted in secure, private locations to maintain participant confidentiality.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"This is not applicable as all data presented here is deidentified.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"81"}}