{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:20:18Z","timestamp":1790212818248,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiat Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-1109-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T12:03:16Z","timestamp":1536148996000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Imaging dose and secondary cancer risk in image-guided radiotherapy of pediatric patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Dzierma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Mikulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Melchior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Nuesken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"R\u00fcbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"1109_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-013-0330-5","volume":"189","author":"Y Dzierma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dzierma Y, Nuesken FG, Licht NP, Ruebe C. Dosimetric properties and commissioning of cone-beam CT image beam line with a carbon target. Strahlenther Onkol. 2013;189:566\u201372.","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1109_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5777","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3013571","volume":"35","author":"BA Faddegon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Faddegon BA, Wu V, Pouliot J, et al. Low dose megavoltage cone beam computed tomography with an unflattened 4 MV beam from a carbon target. Med Phys. 2008;35(12):5777\u201386.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"1109_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3359822","volume":"37","author":"BA Faddegon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Faddegon BA, Aubin M, Bani-Hashemi A, et al. Comparison of patient megavoltage cone beam CT images acquired with an unflattened beam from a carbon target and a flattened treatment beam. Med Phys. 2010;37(4):1737\u201341.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"1109_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2013.12.007","volume":"88","author":"Y Dzierma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dzierma Y, Nuesken F, Otto W, Alaei P, Licht N, R\u00fcbe C. Dosimetry of an in-line Kilovoltage imaging system and implementation in treatment planning. Int J Radiation Oncol Biol Phys. 2014;88(4):913\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Radiation Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"1109_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3665712","volume":"39","author":"MF Fast","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fast MF, Krauss A, Oelfke U, et al. Position detection accuracy of a novel linac-mounted intrafractional x-ray imaging system. Med Phys. 2012;39:109\u201318.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"1109_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2007.10.035","volume":"86","author":"J St\u00fctzel","year":"2008","unstructured":"St\u00fctzel J, Oelfke U, Nill S. A quantitative image quality comparison of four different image guided radiotherapy devices. Radiother Oncol. 2008;86:20\u20134.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"1109_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"N15","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/3\/N15","volume":"57","author":"MF Fast","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fast MF, Koenig T, Oelfke U, et al. Performance characteristics of a novel megavoltage cone-beam-computed tomography device. Phys Med Biol. 2012;57:N15\u201324.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1109_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2015.09.002","volume":"31","author":"Y Dzierma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dzierma Y, Beyhs M, Palm J, et al. Set-up errors and planning margins in planar and CBCT image-guided radiotherapy using three different imaging systems: a clinical study for prostate and head-and-neck cancer. Phys Med (EJMP). 2015;31(8):1055\u20139.","journal-title":"Phys Med (EJMP)"},{"key":"1109_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-014-0798-7","volume":"191","author":"Y Dzierma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dzierma Y, Ames E, Nuesken F, Palm J, Licht N, R\u00fcbe C. Image quality and dose distributions of three linac-based imaging modalities. Strahlenther Onkol. 2015;191:365\u201374.","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"1109_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2014.03.014","volume":"4","author":"SR Alcorn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alcorn SR, Chen MJ, Claude L, Dieckmann K, Ermoian RP, Ford EC, et al. Practice patterns of photon and proton pediatric image guided radiation treatment: results from an international pediatric research consortium. Pract Radiat Oncol. 2014;4:336\u201341.","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"1109_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-016-0757-9","volume":"12","author":"K Bell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bell K, Heitfeld M, Licht N, R\u00fcbe C, Dzierma Y. Influence of daily imaging on plan quality and normal tissue toxicity for prostate cancer radiotherapy. Radiat Oncol. 2017;12:7.","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"1109_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4682-8-27","volume":"8","author":"U Schneider","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schneider U, Sumila M, Robotka J. Site-specific dose-response relationships for cancer induction from the combined Japanese A-bomb and Hodgkin cohorts for doses relevant to radiotherapy. Theoretical Biol Medical Modell. 2011;8:27.","journal-title":"Theoretical Biol Medical Modell"},{"issue":"1","key":"1109_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.09.039","volume":"100","author":"AR Filippi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Filippi AR, Vanoni V, Meduri B, Cozzi L, Scorsetti M, Ricardi U, Lohr F. Intensity modulated radiation therapy and second Cancer risk in adults. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2018;100(1):17\u201320.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"1109_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2017.10.019","volume":"43","author":"Y Dzierma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dzierma Y, Minko P, Ziegenhain R, Bell K, Buecker A, R\u00fcbe C, Jagoda P. Abdominal imaging dose in radiology and radiotherapy \u2013 phantom point dose measurements, effective dose and secondary cancer risk. Phys Med (EJMP). 2017;43:49\u201356.","journal-title":"Phys Med (EJMP)."},{"issue":"2","key":"1109_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.10.006","volume":"73","author":"GX Ding","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ding GX, ChW C. Radiation dose from kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography in an image-guided radiotherapy procedure. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys. 2009;73(2):610\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys"},{"issue":"5","key":"1109_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.01.062","volume":"82","author":"J Deng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Deng J, Chen Z, Roberts KB, Nath R. Kilovoltage imaging doses in the radiotherapy of pediatric cancer patients. Int J Radiation Oncol Biol Phys. 2012;82(5):1680\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Radiation Oncol Biol Phys."},{"issue":"2","key":"1109_CR17","first-page":"194","volume":"175","author":"K Son","year":"2017","unstructured":"Son K, Kim JS, Lee H, Cho S. Imaging dose of human organs from kV-CBCT in image-guided radiation therapy. Radiat Protect Dosim. 2017;175(2):194\u2013200.","journal-title":"Radiat Protect Dosim"},{"issue":"5","key":"1109_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.12.372","volume":"94","author":"CB Hess","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hess CB, Thompson HM, Benedict SH, Seibert JA, Wong K, Vaughan AT, Chen AM. Exposure risks among children undergoing radiation therapy: considerations in the era of image guided radiation therapy. Int J Radiation Oncol Biol Phys. 2016;94(5):978\u201392.","journal-title":"Int J Radiation Oncol Biol Phys."},{"key":"1109_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-016-9616-2","volume":"35","author":"C Chargari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chargari C, Goodman KA, Diallo I, Guy J-B, Rancoule C, Cosset J-M, Deutsch E, Magne N. Risk of second cancers in the era of modern radiotherapy: does the risk\/benefit analysis overcome theoretical models? Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2016;35:227\u201388.","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev"},{"key":"1109_CR20","first-page":"320","volume":"112","author":"W D\u00f6rffel","year":"2015","unstructured":"D\u00f6rffel W, Riepenhausen M, L\u00fcders H, Br\u00e4mswig J, Schellong G. Secondary malignancies following treatment for Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma in childhood and adolescence \u2013 a cohort study with more than 30 years\u2018 follow-up. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015;112:320\u20137.","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"1109_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29841","volume":"122","author":"SC Kamran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kamran SC, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Ng A, Haas-Kogan D, Viswanathan AN. Therapeutic radiation and the potential risk of second malignancies. Cancer. 2016;122:1809\u201321.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"26","key":"1109_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505949","volume":"373","author":"M Schaapveld","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schaapveld M, Aleman BMP, van Eggermond AM, Janus CPM, Kron ADG, et al. Second Cancer risk up to 40 years after treatment for Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(26):2499\u2013511.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1109_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.06.034","volume":"93","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wu H, Chen Z, Knisely JP, Nath R, Feng Z, Bao S, Deng J. Concomitant imaging dose and Cancer risk in image guided thoracic radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2015;93(3):523\u201331.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"1109_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrw088","volume":"58","author":"M Tamura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tamura M, Sakurai H, Mizumoto M, Kamizawa S, Murayama S, et al. Lifetime attributable risk of radiation-induced secondary cancer from proton beam therapy compared with that of intensity-modulated X-ray therapy in randomly sampled pediatric cancer patients. J Radiat Res. 2017;58(3):363\u201371.","journal-title":"J Radiat Res"},{"key":"1109_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.01.008","volume":"114","author":"MV Maraldo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maraldo MV, Lundemann M, Vogelius IR, Specht L. A new method to estimate dosest o the normal tissues after past extended and involved field radiotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma. Radiother Oncol. 2015;114:206\u201311.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"1109_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semradonc.2003.10.003","volume":"14","author":"M Van Herk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Van Herk M. Errors and margins in radiotherapy. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2004;14:52\u201364.","journal-title":"Semin Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"1109_CR27","unstructured":"Bell K, Licht N, R\u00fcbe C, Dzierma Y. Image guidance and positioning accuracy in clinical practice: Influence of positioning errors and imaging dose on the real dose distribution for head and neck cancer treatment. Radiat Oncol, under review."}],"container-title":["Radiation Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13014-018-1109-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13014-018-1109-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13014-018-1109-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]],"date-time":"2020-11-08T23:47:03Z","timestamp":1604879223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ro-journal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13014-018-1109-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13014-018-1109-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-717X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-717X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 June 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All patients (and parents of the patients) gave their written informed consent to IGRT treatment. All data were retrospectively analysed in an anonymized form.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"168"}}