{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T15:19:08Z","timestamp":1793632748766,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiat Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-019-1354-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T10:03:16Z","timestamp":1566295396000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Rectal wall dose-volume effect of pre- or post KUSHEN Ningjiaos relationship with 3D brachytherapy in cervical cancer patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilin","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuetao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bailin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4239-7718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1354_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Sexual and reproductive health. Comprehensive cervical cancer prevention and control\u2013a healthier future for girls and women. WHO guidance note. \n                    http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/78128\/3\/9789241505147_eng.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 5 Dec 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"1354_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.01.034","volume":"62","author":"P Okunieff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Okunieff P, Cornelison T, Mester M, et al. Mechanism and modification of gastrointestinal soft tissue response to radiation: role of growth factors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;62(1):273\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"1354_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(03)01445-7","volume":"58","author":"PC O\u2019Brien","year":"2004","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien PC, Hamilton CS, Denham JW, et al. Spontaneous improvement in late rectal mucosal changes after radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004;58(1):75\u201380.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"1354_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(99)00173-5","volume":"54","author":"S Wachter","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wachter S, Gerstner N, Goldner G, et al. Endoscopic scoring of late rectal mucosal damage after conformal radiotherapy for prostatic carcinoma. Radiother Oncol. 2000;54(1):11\u20139.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1354_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(99)00560-X","volume":"47","author":"MW Skwarchuk","year":"2000","unstructured":"Skwarchuk MW, Jackson A, Zelefsky MJ, et al. Late rectal toxicity after conformal radiotherapy of prostate cancer (I): multivariate analysis and dose-response. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;47(1):103\u201313.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"1354_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/3579675","volume":"149","author":"MW Skwarchuk","year":"1998","unstructured":"Skwarchuk MW, Travis EL. Volume effects and epithelial regeneration in irradiated mouse Colorectum. Radiat Res. 1998;149(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1354_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.05.010","volume":"63","author":"EN van Lin","year":"2005","unstructured":"van Lin EN, Hoffmann AL, Van KP, et al. Rectal wall sparing effect of three different endorectal balloons in 3D conformal and IMRT prostate radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;63(2):565\u201376.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"6","key":"1354_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2015.24","volume":"36","author":"W Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang W, You R, Qin W, et al. Anti-tumor activities of active ingredients in compound Kushen injection. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2015;36(6):676.","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"2","key":"1354_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2013.12.009","volume":"96","author":"N Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun N, Wang Z, Wu C, et al. Antiviral activity and underlying molecular mechanisms of Matrine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vitro. Res Vet Sci. 2014;96(2):323\u20137.","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"1354_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2013.1399","volume":"6","author":"H Shao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shao H, Yang B, Hu R, et al. Matrine effectively inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells through a mechanism related to the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway. Oncol Lett. 2013;6:517\u201320.","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"1354_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-009-9211-2","volume":"59","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhang H, Yu P, et al. Effects of matrine against the growth of human lung cancer and hepatoma cells as well as lung cancer cell migration. Cytotechnology. 2009;59(3):191\u2013200.","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1354_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-008-0619-2","volume":"28","author":"K Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen K, Hu Z, Wang T, et al. Inhibitory effect of Matrine on the expression of PSA and AR in prostate Cancer cell line LNCaP. J. Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2008;28(6):697\u20139.","journal-title":"J. Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1354_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2016.3805","volume":"50","author":"H Huang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Huang H, Du T, Xu G, et al. Matrine suppresses invasion of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells by downregulating MMP-2\/9 via NF-\u03baB signaling pathway. Int J Oncol. 2016;50(2):640.","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1354_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-015-2289-4","volume":"30","author":"BG Vanneste","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vanneste BG, Van DVL, de Ridder RJ, et al. Chronic radiation proctitis: tricks to prevent and treat. Int J Color Dis. 2015;30(10):1293\u2013303.","journal-title":"Int J Color Dis"},{"issue":"11b","key":"1354_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E647","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.11373.x","volume":"110","author":"G Hatiboglu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hatiboglu G, Pinkawa M, Vall\u00e9e JP, et al. Application technique: placement of a prostate-rectum spacer in men undergoing prostate radiation therapy. BJU Int. 2013;110(11b):E647\u201352.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"1354_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.01.005","volume":"114","author":"BG Vanneste","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vanneste BG, Pijls-Johannesma M, Van DVL, et al. Spacers in radiotherapy treatment of prostate cancer: is reduction of toxicity cost-effective? Radiother Oncol. 2015;114(2):276\u201381.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1354_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.09.034","volume":"67","author":"EN van Lin","year":"2007","unstructured":"van Lin EN, Kristinsson J, Philippens ME, et al. Reduced late rectal mucosal changes after prostate three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy with endorectal balloon as observed in repeated endoscopy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;67(3):799\u2013811.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"1354_CR18","first-page":"95","volume":"69","author":"PJ Prada","year":"2009","unstructured":"Prada PJ, Prada PJ, Fern\u00e1ndez J, et al. Transperineal injection of hyaluronic acid in anterior perirectal fat to decrease rectal toxicity from radiation delivered with intensity modulated brachytherapy or EBRT for prostate Cancer patients[J]. Brachytherapy. 2009;69(1):95\u2013102.","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"1354_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-6530-4","volume":"46","author":"M Johnston","year":"2003","unstructured":"Johnston M, Robertson G, Frizelle F. Management of Late Complications of pelvic radiation in the rectum and anus. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003;46:247\u201359.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"9","key":"1354_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2007.07.008","volume":"19","author":"K Leiper","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leiper K, Morris AI. Treatment of radiation Proctitis. Clin Oncol. 2007;19(9):724\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1354_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.10.002","volume":"64","author":"ST Peeters","year":"2006","unstructured":"Peeters ST, Lebesque JV, Heemsbergen WD, et al. Localized volume effects for late rectal and anal toxicity after radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;64(4):1151\u201361.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"5","key":"1354_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.05.054","volume":"63","author":"P Kupelian","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kupelian P, Thakkar V, Khuntia D, et al. Hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (70 Gy at 2.5 Gy per fraction) for localized prostate cancer: long-term outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;63(5):1463\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"1354_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)03742-2","volume":"54","author":"EH Huang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Huang EH, Pollack A, Levy L, et al. Late rectal toxicity: dose-volume effects of conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002;54:1314\u201321.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"1354_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00700-8","volume":"48","author":"MR Storey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Storey MR, Pollack A, Zagars G, et al. Complications from radiotherapy dose escalation in prostate cancer: preliminary results of a randomized trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;48(3):635\u201342.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"1354_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2009.08.004","volume":"93","author":"C Fiorino","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fiorino C, Valdagni R, Rancati T, et al. Dose-volume effects for normal tissues in external radiotherapy: pelvis. Radiother Oncol. 2009;93(2):153\u201367.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1354_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(01)00378-4","volume":"60","author":"PC O'Brien","year":"2001","unstructured":"O'Brien PC. Radiation injury of the rectum. Radiother Oncol J Euro Soc Ther Radiol Oncol. 2001;60(1):1\u201314.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol J Euro Soc Ther Radiol Oncol"},{"issue":"02","key":"1354_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1547337","volume":"28","author":"Marc Grodsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grodsky M, Sidani S. Radiation Proctopathy[J]. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2015;28(02).","journal-title":"Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery"},{"issue":"10","key":"1354_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.06.025","volume":"43","author":"Fei Cao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cao F, Ma T-h, Guang-jian, et al. Correlation between disease activity and Endorectal ultrasound findings of chronic radiation Proctitis[J]. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2017;43(10).","journal-title":"Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology"},{"key":"1354_CR29","first-page":"29","volume":"13","author":"P Ranjani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ranjani P, Michael P, Song Daniel Y. Hydrogel spacers in prostate radiotherapy: a promising approach to decrease rectal toxicity.[J]. Future Oncol(London, England). 2017;13:29.","journal-title":"Future Oncol(London, England)"}],"container-title":["Radiation Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13014-019-1354-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13014-019-1354-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13014-019-1354-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T23:48:35Z","timestamp":1597794515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ro-journal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13014-019-1354-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1354"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13014-019-1354-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-717X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-717X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 March 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ethics Committee Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine had approved this study and the committee\u2019s number is ZF2018\u2013080-01.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"149"}}